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Air defense process of large surface warship formation is a very important part in the combat. In current research, however, less attention has been paid to the whole process of air defense of surface warship formation in macro perspective. This paper applies the PEPA method to model the air defense process of surface warship formation. The cooperation among elements has been taken into account in the established model and the basic process of the air defense has been described as well. By analysis it shows the performance of air defense of warship formation increases with the increase of elements’ quantity, and finally reaches a stable value. Then the composition of the basic formation elements that the interception capacity of air defense operation attains the maximum can be obtained from the test results. Therefore, it provides a new quantitative method to deal with the air defense problem of warship formation.

Stanford University proposed a new network switch model named OpenFlow for the research of network innovation. OpenFlow enables researchers to control the behavior of the network by managing flow table. NetMagic is an open network switching platform for the innovative research of next generation Internet architecture. This paper introduces OpenFlow and NetMagic briefly, and implements a customized and scalable OpenFlow model system on the NetMagic platform. Finally, this paper shows the features and advantages of OpenFlow with an experiment.

We investigate how historical price information (e.g., accessed through price trackers) influences consumers’ purchase decisions and thus affects a firm’s dynamic pricing strategy. We first show that when consumers with heterogeneous tastes are not informed about historical prices, the monopolist charges a high regular price for most of the time and periodically holds low-price sales. Then we consider the case in which a small fraction of consumers (such as price tracker users) become informed of historical prices. At the new equilibrium, the monopolist lowers the regular price and advances sales, implying shorter price cycles, more frequent sales, and a positive spillover effect of price tracker users’ informational advantage on the rest of uninformed consumers. We conclude with a discussion of the impact of price trackers on firms and other relevant managerial implications of the model. This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.

A decision problem is investigated in a decentralized two-echelon supply chain with one manufacturer and one retailer during a fixed sales time. There are three possible power balance scenarios: Manufacturer-Stackelberg, retailer-Stackelberg, vertical Nash classified by the different influence on the market between the manufacturer and the retailer. Aiming at profit maximization,from the perspectives of the consumer, the manufacturer and the retailer, respectively, the results of the three scenarios are analyzed, in which the retailer price P, warranty period W and the whole price CP are decision variables. Moreover, the sales over time can be characterized by a stochastic Bass model in the form of a non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP-Bass model) and the production system is a make-to-order type of system. Finally, A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effects of some key parameters, including the product reliability, price elasticity, and warranty period elasticity, on the optimal settings of the retail price and warranty period.