Background and objective: This study examined the changes in the cultural trend of use for green infrastructure in Seoul due to COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The subjects of this study are 8 sites of green infrastructure selected by type: Forested green infrastructure, Watershed green infrastructure, Park green infrastructure, Walkway green infrastructure. The data used for analysis was blog posts for a total of four years from August 1, 2016 to July 31, 2020. The analysis method was conducted keyword frequency analysis, topic modeling, and related keyword analysis. Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, the number of posts on green infrastructure has increased since COVID-19, especially forested green infrastructure and watershed green infrastructure with abundant naturalness and high openness. Second, the cultural trend keywords before and after COVID-19 changed from large-scale to small-scale, community-based to individual-based activities, and nondaily to daily culture. Third, after COVID-19, topics and keywords related to coronavirus showed that the cultural trends were reflected on appreciation, activities, and dailiness based on natural resources. In sum, the interest in green infrastructure in Seoul has increased after COVID-19. Also, the change of green infrastructure represents the increased demand for experience that reflects the need and expectation for nature. Conclusion: The new trend of green Infrastructure in the pandemic era should be considered in the the individual relaxations & activities.

Background and objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the perceived social values of community gardens as urban green space between participating and non-participating residents.Methods: From December to March 2021, a survey was conducted on community gardens that targeted both participating and non-participating residents. For data analysis, frequency analysis, independent samples T-test and regression analysis were performed using SPSS 21.0.Results: First, there were differences between residents participating in GCG activities and non-participating residents in their perception of community gardens, as well as their perception of expected conflicts. To resolve expected conflicts, both groups responded that efforts through communication were necessary, but participating residents highlighted the need for trust with the administration; while non-participating residents suggested improving the physical environment. Second, both groups recognized the social values of the community garden as important, and generally evaluated the value of leisure and recreation to be high. However, there was a difference between the groups when it came to the importance of each category of social values; participating residents ranked the categories in the order of symbolic value, value of the commons, and ecological value, while for non-participating residents, the priority of social values was ranked in the order of ecological value> symbolic value = the value of the commons. From this difference, it can be noted that the focus on the perception of spatial values could change from the physical aspect to the cognitive aspect depending on whether residents participated or not. Third, both groups answered that it was necessary to expand opportunities for participation to promote social values. However, participating residents prioritized institutional support over expanding opportunities for participation, while non-participating residents recognized the diversification of programs as an equally important means of social value enhancement as the expansion of opportunities for participation, placing more importance on the physical conditions for their participation activities. The value of the commons was found to be a factor influencing the satisfaction with relevant projects.Conclusion: In conclusion, both participating and non-participating residents recognized the community garden as important as a space for realizing social values. Therefore, to realize social values in community gardens and successfully promote relevant projects, specific practical measures and strategies are needed to expand the physical value of community gardens, reduce differences between groups in their perception of social values through transparent and open communication and active participation, and enhance cognitive value through institutional support.

Recent trends in urban policies show the increasing importance of urban parks. Moreover the park policy and planning are increasingly important for the good urban park system. Comparative studies in the operational system and planning contents of the parks and green space plans of the major cities would be timely and meaningful. This study aims to provide a comparative study in operational system and planning contents of the Parks and Green Space Master Plan at urban scale.Sites include London, New York, Berlin, Sydney and Seoul. Analyses are focused on the master plans and strategy reports of each city. Frameworks for analysis are divided into operational system and planning contents. The results are as follows.First, the Parks and Green Space Plans as an open space planning linked to related resources would contribute to both integrated resources management and practice of the fairness. Second, evolution from quantity to quality of the parks and green space plan enhances revitalization and regeneration. Third, shift from the 'supply oriented plan' to 'need based plan' model provides flexible planning model to meet the demographic change, trend change, preference and use. Fourth, planning agents, enlarged opportunities for participation within each phase, diversified of the participants lead the changes from the passive participation to active one.

Background and objective: Due to the recent crisis of extinction in local areas, the mountain village promotion policy is recognized as an important task. This study examined the priorities of major policy projects in the forest sector that affect mountain village promotion.Methods: For research methods, literature search, expert advisory meetings, and a survey were conducted. The survey was conducted on 42 policy stakeholders from June 1 to August 13, 2021. The literature search was based on policy projects in the forest sector by 8 upper-level local governments including mountain villages. For questionnaire items, 173 forest policy projects were classified into 27 types through expert review, and the importance and performance of each type were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Paired t-test, IPA, Locus for Focus model, and Borich needs assessment were used as the analysis methods, and the statistical program SPSS 21.0 was used as the analytical tool.Results: The results showed that ‘creating forest-related jobs’ and ‘supporting cultivation of professional forestry workers’ both showed high importance and performance, implying that they would show an effect in mountain village promotion. ‘Creating forests for environmental improvement’, ‘discovering forest cultural assets’ ‘establishing and boosting forest tourism’, ‘providing forest therapy services’, ‘creating forest-related jobs’, ‘supporting community revitalization’, and ‘urban-rural exchanges’ were found to be the types that needed improvement and concentration for mountain village promotion. In particular, ‘creating forests for environmental improvement' and ‘discovering forest cultural assets’ were derived as priority considerations for mountain village promotion policies.Conclusion: In summary, it was found that in order to promote mountain villages, various content projects must be improved and carried out to enhance the physical environment and revitalize mountain villages.

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