Abstract-A recent survey conducted among developers of the Apache, Eclipse, and Mozilla projects showed that the ability to recreate field failures is considered of fundamental importance when investigating bug reports. Unfortunately, the information typically contained in a bug report, such as memory dumps or call stacks, is usually insufficient for recreating the problem. Even more advanced approaches for gathering field data and help in-house debugging tend to collect either too little information, and be ineffective, or too much information, and be inefficient. To address these issues, we present BUGREDUX, a novel general approach for in-house debugging of field failures. BUGREDUX aims to synthesize, using execution data collected in the field, executions that mimic the observed field failures. We define several instances of BUGREDUX that collect different types of execution data and perform, through an empirical study, a cost-benefit analysis of the approach and its variations. In the study, we apply BUGREDUX to 16 failures of 14 real-world programs. Our results are promising in that they show that it is possible to synthesize in-house executions that reproduce failures observed in the field using a suitable set of execution data.

Paragonimiasis has previously been reported in many zones of China, which is the infestation of the trematode genus Paragonimus. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and epidemiology of paragonimiasis in Jinhua which is next to Fujian, China. The differences of Paragonimus westmani isolates from Jinhua and other areas of the world were also analyzed. Freshwater crabs and snails from streams located in each of the villages were dissected for isolation of Paragonimus metacercariae. The epidemiology data were further analyzed by using geographic information systems (GIS). We found that the infestation rate for the Paragonimus cercariae in snails was as low as 2.3%, while that was as high as 76.67% in crabs. So, freshwater crabs were demonstrated as one of the main hosts for P. metacercariae in Jinhua. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) and cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) were conserved among different isolates, especially for the ITS2 gene. Based on the phylogenetic trees generated from the comparison results of COI gene, it was interesting to find that Paragonimus strains from different areas were present in different cluster. We conclude that the COI gene of Paragonimus can be a molecular marker contributing to the typing and source tracking for Paragonimiasis.

No abstract

No abstract