Political and ideological online teaching is a new thing integrating political and ideological theory teaching and artificial intelligence information technology. In order to effectively improve the quality of political and ideological online teaching, this paper aims to make an in-depth study on the application of artificial intelligence technology in the political and ideological online classroom system under the background of big data. This paper first expounds the overall architecture of the political and ideological online system from the system hardware architecture and software architecture and then discusses in detail the functional design of the online system and the structure of the database. This paper proposes a data mining algorithm based on scale affine transformation and curriculum data information space reconstruction, constructs the data structure model of the political and ideological online classroom system, uses scale affine transformation to fuse the curriculum data, carries out spatial reconstruction of the fused curriculum data, extracts the high-order features of the curriculum data in the political and ideological online classroom system in the reconstructed space, and completes the data mining of political and ideological courses. Experiments show that the political and ideological online classroom system under the proposed method is better than the political and ideological online classroom system under the traditional method in terms of user satisfaction and teacher operation proficiency and can effectively improve the quality of political and ideological online teaching.