Behavioral and emotional problems in infants and toddlers are common, often persist and put children at risk of later mental health problems. Reliable, efficient, and sensitive tools are needed to identify young children who may benefit from further assessment and support. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), offers a brief, convenient means of screening for early problems, however, it lacks psychometric validation in infants. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the SDQ in children aged 12–24 months. Ninety‐three participants, with children aged 12–24 months, completed the SDQ and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) online. Concurrent validity of the SDQ was assessed through comparison with the CBCL. The results demonstrated that key subscales of the SDQ and CBCL were significantly correlated (r range= −.19 to –.57). Key SDQ subscales showed moderate reliability (Cronbach's alpha range = .38–.79, mean inter‐item correlation range = .06–.43). The SDQ shows promising reliability and validity as a measure for rating the behavior of 12–24‐months‐old children, particularly for externalizing symptoms. Further research is needed to assess its predictive utility.

Primary headache associated with sexual activity (PHASA) is well described in adults, but reports in adolescents are lacking. PHASA is likely underreported in adolescents. A delay in or an absence of timely and adequate treatment has the potential to negatively impact normal adolescent psychosexual development. Physicians should consider this disorder in adolescents presenting with headaches, and understand the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment. We report two cases of PHASA in adolescents and review the epidemiology, presentation, and management.

Introduction: Cyberbullying is a pervasive public health issue, affecting 10% to 50% of adolescents and resulting in significant negative health outcomes. Cyberbullying is when someone, typically a teenager, bullies or harasses others on the internet and other digital spaces, particularly on social media sites. Harmful bullying behavior can include posting rumors, threats, sexual remarks, a victims' personal information, or pejorative labels. Aim: The Present research study aimed to assess the knowledge on cyber bullying & it’s effect on mental health. Materials and Methods: The data for main study was collected from 150 adolescents. Adolescents were selected using convenient sampling technique. Self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge about cyberbullying. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation, chi- square, t-test were applied to analyzed the data. Results: The pre-test Post-test score of Level of knowledge was compared using paired t-test (Independent t-test) revealed that (t=-29.679, df=149, p=0.05) the programme was effective to improve the level of knowledge on cyberbullying among adolescent. Chi square was use to assess the association of pre - test knowledge scores with selected demographical variable found non-significant for all the variables (p=0.05). Conclusion: Data collection done of the data collected from 150 adolescent’s students studying in 11th &12th standard adolescent’s students descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis of the data and interpreted by the forms of tables and graphs.

AimsSerious mental illness (SMI) is now accepted as a significant risk factor for contracting COVID-19, increasing the rates of adverse outcomes, including hospitalisation and mortality. Risk assessments are the cornerstone of protecting vulnerable groups of individuals. The QCovid risk calculator is a newly developed tool to predict the risk of death or hospitalisation from COVID-19. It has not been applied in SMI populations. We aimed to use the QCovid risk calculator in an inpatient rehabilitation setting to identify and mitigate risk for people with SMI with personalised COVID-19 prevention plans.MethodClinical and sociodemographic characteristics were obtained for 22 inpatients. Firstly, the QCovid risk calculator was used to ascertain the absolute and relative risks to patients (Odds Ratios (OR) of mortality and/or hospitalisation) from COVID-19. Patients were stratified as high (OR > 10), moderate (OR 5-10) and low (OR < 5) risk. Secondly, personalised COVID-19 prevention plans were coproduced by patients and clinicians addressing 1) risk factors contributing to increased QCovid risk, 2) patient's personal goals, concerns, and preferences 3) maximizing patient engagement in COVID-19 infection prevention strategies. Finally, uptake of personalised COVID-19 prevention plans was evaluated after four weeks using a customised patient feedback questionnaire.ResultOf the 22 inpatients (68% male), 14 patients (64%) had schizophrenia and 3 patients (14%) had schizoaffective disorder as primary diagnosis. 13 (59%) patients were prescribed clozapine. QCovid risk stratification showed 10% of patients as high risk, 29% as moderate risk, and 61% as low risk. Apart from SMI in all 22 inpatients, the most common QCovid risk factors were increased body mass index (64%, n = 14; 23% overweight and 41% obese), diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2 (27%, n = 6) and epilepsy (n = 4, 18%). 19 of the 22 patients provided feedback on their personalised COVID-19 prevention plans. Most patients (79%) felt they had “contributed significantly” to their COVID-19 prevention plans, and their individual goals and concerns were valued. 79% were “satisfied” with their COVID-19 prevention plans. Subjective perception of safety from COVID-19 was high, with 95% of patients feeling “safe and well-protected from COVID-19”.ConclusionComprehensive assessment of COVID-19 risks in vulnerable groups enables personalised risk mitigation, both at an individual and service level. Our findings show the importance of applying current knowledge to protect vulnerable patients with SMI through personalised prevention plans. This approach can be scaled up to understand risks for services and teams, while allowing clinicians to adapt their use for individualised COVID-19 prevention.