No abstract

The herbaceous lycopsid Drepanophycus minor sp. nov. is described from the late Mid Devonian Hujiersite Formation of Xinjiang, Northwest China. The new species is characterized by minor sized, falcate microphylls, and kidney-shaped sporangia, with rhizome, K-shaped branching, and developed lateral buds. Stomatal apparatuses are observed from the axis surface of the new species. The habit and the rhizome structure of D. minor are discussed.

Voluntary frontier settlement leads to independent agency. Since this type of research has not yet been implemented in ongoing voluntary settlement frontiers, we conducted several cultural tasks to investigate Shenzhen, known as China’s ongoing “South Frontier,” which is composed mostly of people that have emigrated from other Chinese provinces within the past 30 years. We hypothesized that residents of Shenzhen are more independent than those in other regions of Mainland China. As predicted, residents of Shenzhen scored higher than China inland residents in self-reported independent beliefs and scored lower in nepotism. The results indicate that, even in a short-term ongoing frontier, voluntary settlement is associated with independent agency.