Biosynthesis of liquid fuels and biomass-based building block chemicals from microorganisms have been regarded as a competitive alternative route to traditional. Zymomonas mobilis possesses a number of desirable characteristics for its special Entner-Doudoroff pathway, which makes it an ideal platform for both metabolic engineering and commercial-scale production of desirable bio-products as the same as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on consideration of future biomass biorefinery. Z. mobilis has been studied extensively on both fundamental and applied level, which will provide a basis for industrial biotechnology in the future. Furthermore, metabolic engineering of Z. mobilis for enhancing bio-ethanol production from biomass resources has been significantly promoted by different methods (i.e. mutagenesis, adaptive laboratory evolution, specific gene knock-out, and metabolic engineering). In addition, the feasibility of representative metabolites, i.e. sorbitol, bionic acid, levan, succinic acid, isobutanol, and isobutanol produced by Z. mobilis and the strategies for strain improvements are also discussed or highlighted in this paper. Moreover, this review will present some guidelines for future developments in the bio-based chemical production using Z. mobilis as a novel industrial platform for future biofineries.

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The dye – sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is an attractive and promising device for solar cell applications that have been intensively investigated worldwide. DSSC consists of a namo TiO2 film of the photo electrode, dye molecules absorbed on the surface of TiO2 film, an electrolyte layer and a Pt counter electrode. Among these, the nanoporous TiO2 film plays an important role because it can adsorb a large amount of dye molecules which provide electrons. Therefore, the TiO2 film affects the cell performance. In this paper, the characteristics of DSSCs with different TiO2 film thicknesses were studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The impedance component attributed to TiO2|electrolyte interface indicated that the small semicircle and low characteristic frequency was essential for high performance DSSC. An optimum overall conversion efficiency( ％) of 5.54% was obtained in the DSSC assembled with the TiO2 film thickness of 8.86μm.

Density functional theory method is used to examine a series of group III triazides X(N3)3 (X = B, Al, Ga). These compounds, except for the C3h planar B(N3)3 and Al(N3)3, are first reported here. C3h planar structures are the most energetically favored for all singlet X(N3)3 systems. Potential‐energy surfaces for unimolecular decompositions of the C3h and CS planar X(N3)3 species have been investigated. Results show that decomposition of B(N3)3 obeys sequential fashion and follows a four‐step mechanism: (1) B(N3)3 → NB(N3)2 + N2; (2) NB(N3)2 → cyc‐N2BN3 + N2; (3) cyc‐N2BN3 → trigonal‐BN3 + N2; (4) trigonal‐BN3 → linear‐NBNN. Decomposition of Al(N3)3 follows a two‐step mechanism: (1) Al(N3)3 → NAl(N3)2 + N2; (2) NAl(N3)2 → linear‐AlN3 + 2N2. The dissociation of Ga(N3)3 follows only one‐step mechanism: Ga(N3)3 → angular‐GaN3 + 3N2. These findings may be helpful in understanding the decomposition mechanisms of group III triazides as well as the possible mechanism for XN film generation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Circuit optimization method should include the topology of automatic design circuit and automatically determine components parameters of the circuit. At present, CAD or EDA optimization tools is produced by combined optimization algorithm and the basic analysis above together with the tolerance analysis. In this paper, optimization design which can modular basic analog circuit by using Optimizer, which makes the circuit topology structure and component parameters tend to be more reasonable, provides the basis for teaching practice and scientific research. It has practical significance.