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Ultrasensitive protein detection was realized using multiphonon Resonance Raman scattering in ZnS nanocrystals. The longitudinal optical phonon line of ZnS and its overtones, which are called multiphonon Raman lines (MRLs), were used as the Raman probe signals. MRLs have a narrow bandwidth, high stability in aqueous solution, and strong resistance to interference from surface variations. Our results show that these features allow for reliable biodetection with good selectivity and high specificity. The detection limit is about 5 fM. This Raman scattering-based methodology will greatly extend the potential applications for ZnS in the biomedical sciences.

As a result of the rapid development of EU-China relations, an increasing amount of scholars in China focus their research on the European Union and the nature of the bilateral relationship.

This paper will study the differences between the EU and China on the understanding of human rights and national sovereignty and their impact on EU-China political relations. The paper will be divided into the following parts. The first part will give a review of the concepts of both sovereignty and human rights and the rising concern of human rights in the contemporary world. The second part will study the EU's policy of human rights to see why the EU adheres to its values. The third part will look at China's policy on sovereignty and human rights. The fourth part will examine EU-China political relations and analyse the difficulties in bilateral relations, due to differences in values between the EU and China. The fifth part will draw some tentative conclusion.In the post-Cold War era, the EU is generally regarded as a normative power. All the Member States have transferred part of their national sovereignty to this regional organisation to make decisions for the common market at the European level. The achievements realised in the construction of the internal market encouraged the Community to develop towards the direction of a Union where not only economic affairs but also political and diplomatic affairs should be developed under the leadership of the Union. Benefiting from the widened and deepened European integration, the EU promotes liberal democratic values in its external relations. After the Tiananmen Event in China in 1989, the EU Member States had, for eight consecutive years, tabled a resolution at the United Nation's (UN) Commission on Human Rights to criticise China's human rights record. Since 1997, the two sides have maintained a biannual human rights dialogue to facilitate mutual understanding on the issue. Nevertheless, the disagreement on human rights is much stronger than consensus between the two sides. The EU is frustrated in its political relations with China because of limited progress in the human rights dialogue. This paper will study the differences between the EU and China on the understanding of human rights and national sovereignty and their impact on EU-China political relations. The paper will be divided into the following parts. The first part will give a review of the concepts of both sovereignty and human rights and the rising concern of human rights in the contemporary world. The second part will study the EU's policy of human rights to find out why the EU adheres to its values. The third part will look at * The author would like to thank the peer reviewer for his comments.

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