Location-based services (LBS) have been widely accepted by mobile users. Many LBS users have direction-aware search requirement that answers must be in a search direction. However to the best of our knowledge there is not yet any research available that investigates direction-aware search. A straightforward method first finds candidates without considering the direction constraint, and then generates the answers by pruning those candidates which invalidate the direction constraint. However this method is rather expensive as it involves a lot of useless computation on many unnecessary directions. To address this problem, we propose a direction-aware spatial keyword search method which inherently supports direction-aware search. We devise novel direction-aware indexing structures to prune unnecessary directions. We develop effective pruning techniques and search algorithms to efficiently answer a direction-aware query. As users may dynamically change their search directions, we propose to incrementally answer a query. Experimental results on real datasets show that our method achieves high performance and outperforms existing methods significantly.

Key points of perioperative airway management in pediatric patients with papillomatosis-induced severe laryngeal obstruction include careful preoperative airway evaluation; the proper choice of induction methods, and ET tube size; maintenance of an adequate depth of anesthesia; and flexible ventilation strategy, continuous and close monitoring during the extubation and postextubation period; and prompt management of adverse events.

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Background: The most important consideration for administration of anesthesia in upper airway surgery is maintenance of a patient's airway for optimal surgical exposure, adequate ventilation and su cient depth of anesthesia. e tubeless anesthetic techniques, including total intravenous anesthesia with a combination of propofol and remifentanil or inhalation anesthesia with the insu ation of anesthetic gas, are considered experimental in many countries.

BackgroundTo compare the outcomes of ultra-fast-track anesthesia (UFTA) and conventional anesthesia in cardiac surgery for children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and low birth weight.MethodsOne hundred and ninety-four CHD children, aged 6 months to 2 years, weighting 5 to 10 kg, were selected for this study. The 94 boys and 100 girls with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status III and IV were randomly divided into two groups each consisting of 97 patients, and were subjected to ultra-fast-track and conventional anesthesia for cardiac surgery. For children in UFTA group, sevoflurane was stopped when cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) started and cis-atracurium was stopped at the beginning of rewarming, and remifentanil (0.3 μg/kg/mim) was then infused. Propofol and remifentanil were discontinued at skin closure. 10 min after surgery, extubation was performed in operating room. For children in conventional anesthesia group, anesthesia was given routinely and they were directly sent to ICU with a tracheal tube. Extubation time, ICU stay and hospital stay after operation were recorded. Sedation-agitation scores (SAS) were assessed and adverse reactions as well as other anesthesia –related events were recorded.ResultsThe extubation time, ICU stay and hospital stay were significantly shorter in UFTA group (P < 0.05) and SAS at extubation was lower in UFTA group than in conventional anesthesia group, but similar in other time points. For both groups, no airway obstruction and other serious complications occurred, and incidence of other anesthesia –related events were low.ConclusionsUFTA shortens extubation time, ICU stay and hospital stay for children with CHD and does not increase SAS and incidence of adverse reactions.