Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) based on atherosclerosis remain the main reason for death in Western countries and China. Cardiovascular research has demonstrated that its pathogenesis is closely associated with endothelial cell (EC) injury, the phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and the abnormal biological behaviour of macrophages. In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have received much attention for their unique role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms associated with ECs, VSMCs, and macrophages in atherosclerosis and summarized the role of circRNAs in atherosclerosis. This review aims to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Background Dietary nutrient intake plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. Few studies have investigated the association between dietary nutrient intake and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) risk in China.Methods Data on 2,304 women from an ongoing cohort comprising 40,000 women from China in 2014 were included. We randomly selected 218 out of 2304 people as subjects during 2019. All participants were surveyed through in-person interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Clinical data were obtained from physical examinations and laboratory tests. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrition intakes from 26 food sources were calculated using a comprehensive validated database. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the frequency and proportion, and mean and standard deviation of the demographic characteristics. Characteristics were examined for significant differences, and Pearson chi-square tests were used for categoric variables. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for CIN risk in each nutritional ingredient quartile relative to that in the highest quartile.Results The food frequency questionnaire exhibited acceptable reproducibility and reasonable validity in assessing nutrient intakes among these women. After adjusting for multiple confounders, several dietary nutrients showed significant associations with CIN2 + risk. Low dietary folate intake was associated with the risk of CIN2+ (first versus fourth quartile: OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03–2.33). Similar results were also observed for vitamin B6 (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.08–2.46), vitamin C (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.05–2.42), niacin (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.08–2.51), and vitamin K (second versus fourth quartile: OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.05–2.44).Conclusions Low folate; vitamin B6, C, and K; and niacin intakes were associated with CIN2 + risk. Nutrients may influence the development of higher grade CIN and cervical cancer.Trial registration: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR-ROC-15006479) (http://www.chictr.org.cn).

Background: Dietary nutrient intake plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. Few studies have investigated the association between dietary nutrient intake and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) risk in China. Methods: Data on 2,304 women from an ongoing cohort comprising 40,000 women from China in 2014 were included. We randomly selected 218 out of 2304 people as subjects during 2019. All participants were surveyed through in-person interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Clinical data were obtained from physical examinations and laboratory tests. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrition intakes from 26 food sources were calculated using a comprehensive validated database. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the frequency and proportion, and mean and standard deviation of the demographic characteristics. Characteristics were examined for significant differences, and Pearson chi-square tests were used for categoric variables. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for CIN risk in each nutritional ingredient quartile relative to that in the highest quartile. Results: The food frequency questionnaire exhibited acceptable reproducibility and reasonable validity in assessing nutrient intakes among these women. After adjusting for multiple confounders, several dietary nutrients showed significant associations with CIN2+ risk. Low dietary folate intake was associated with the risk of CIN2+ (first versus fourth quartile: OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.03-2.33). Similar results were also observed for vitamin B6 (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.08-2.46), vitamin C (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.05-2.42), niacin (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.08-2.51), and vitamin K (second versus fourth quartile: OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.05-2.44). Conclusions: Low folate; vitamin B6, C, and K; and niacin intakes were associated with CIN2+ risk. Nutrients may influence the development of higher grade CIN and cervical cancer. Trial registration: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR-ROC-15006479) (http://www.chictr.org.cn).

Background: Dietary nutrient intake plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. Few studies have investigated the association between dietary nutrient intake and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) risk in China. Methods: Data on 2,304 women from an ongoing cohort comprising 40,000 women from China in 2014 were included. We randomly selected 218 out of 2304 people as subjects during 2019. All participants were surveyed through in-person interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Clinical data were obtained from physical examinations and laboratory tests. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrition intakes from 26 food sources were calculated using a comprehensive validated database. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the frequency and proportion, and mean and standard deviation of the demographic characteristics. Characteristics were examined for significant differences, and Pearson chi-square tests were used for categoric variables. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for CIN risk in each nutritional ingredient quartile relative to that in the highest quartile. Results: The food frequency questionnaire exhibited acceptable reproducibility and reasonable validity in assessing nutrient intakes among these women. After adjusting for multiple confounders, several dietary nutrients showed significant associations with CIN2+ risk. Low dietary folate intake was associated with the risk of CIN2+ (first versus fourth quartile: OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.03-2.33). Similar results were also observed for vitamin B6 (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.08-2.46), vitamin C (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.05-2.42), niacin (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.08-2.51), and vitamin K (second versus fourth quartile: OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.05-2.44).Conclusions: Low folate; vitamin B6, C, and K; and niacin intakes were associated with CIN2+ risk. Nutrients may influence the development of higher grade CIN and cervical cancer.Trial registration: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR-ROC-15006479) (http://www.chictr.org.cn).