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Shale oil has attracted more attention, as a very important substitutable fuel resource. In the present research, the classes and structures of nitrogen species in hydrotreated and untreated Fushun shale oil (FSO) are characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Experimental results have demonstrated that most of the nitrogen compounds in FSO are removed effectively during the hydrotreatment. N1 and N2 classes are dominant in FSO, and their structures are deduced in terms of the double bond equivalent (DBE) values and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. N1 class species in FSO are probably pyridines, indoles, carbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and their derivatives. After hydrotreating, the N1 class species in hydrotreated Fushun shale oil (HFSO) extend over a wider range of DBE values and carbon numbers than in the original FSO. It can be concluded that the N1 class species in HFSO are generated from compounds containing two or more heteroatoms, such as N2, N1O1, N1O2, N1O1S1, N1S1, and N2S1 class species.

Storage and transport behaviors of lithium in LiF/Ti nanocomposites, either formed in situ through a conversion reaction from TiF(3) powder electrode or prepared by the pulse laser deposition method, have been investigated. Reversible lithium storage in the LiF/Ti nanocomposites shows a sloped voltage profile. The lithium storage capacity in the LiF/Ti nanocomposite thin film is much higher than that in single Ti or LiF thin film with the same thickness and is increased with increasing film thickness. Accordingly, lithium should store at the grain boundary regions since either the LiF or the Ti phase is not active for lithium storage. Hence, this type of interfacial storage is intermediate between the insertion and storage in supercapacitors. The transport properties of electrons and lithium ions in initial LiF/Ti nanocomposites are also investigated by IV, IS and blocking electrode techniques.

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