The motivation behind this study is to explore the influence of narrative nursing combined with thinking map health education on parturient self-efficacy and neonatal nursing ability. To verify this claim, we have selected 60 parturients who were treated in the hospital from February 2019 to April 2021. Moreover, these patients were randomly assigned to control and study groups. The former received narrative nursing, and the latter received narrative nursing combined with thinking map health education. The nursing satisfaction, maternal and neonatal nursing ability, maternal health knowledge awareness score, maternal self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression scores were compared. Initially, we have compared the nursing satisfaction: in the study group, 22 cases were satisfied, 8 cases were basically satisfied, and 0 cases were dissatisfied, and the satisfaction rate was 100.00%; in the control group, 12 cases were satisfied, 14 cases were basically satisfied, and 4 cases were dissatisfied, and the satisfaction rate was 86.67%. The nursing satisfaction in the study group was higher compared to the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Secondly, we compared the mastery of neonatal nursing ability. The study group mastered the relevant knowledge of neonatal nursing in 23 cases, basically mastered 6 cases, and did not master 1 case, with a mastery rate of 96.67%. The control group mastered the knowledge of neonatal nursing in 12 cases, basically mastered 10 cases, and did not master 8 cases with a mastery rate of 73.33%. In the comparison between the two groups, the mastery of neonatal nursing ability in the study group was higher compared to the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Considering the scores of maternal health knowledge, the scores of neonatal basic nursing, physiological characteristics, breastfeeding methods, environmental nursing knowledge, vaccination, and physical examination requirements in the study group were higher compared to the control group ( P < 0.05 ). In the comparison of maternal self-efficacy, the total scores for promoting development, health care, safety, feeding, and self-efficacy in the study group were significantly higher compared to the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Finally, we compared the scores for anxiety and depression. Before nursing, there exhibited no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ). After nursing, the anxiety and depression scores decreased. Furthermore, the anxiety and depression scores of the study group were lower compared to the control group ( P < 0.05 ). In the health education of primary parturient, the adoption of narrative nursing combined with thought guiding schema can enhance the level of nursing satisfaction and self-efficacy, strengthen the nursing ability of primiparas and the awareness rate of health knowledge, and reduce the occurrence of a maternal bad mood, which is more in line with the requirements of parturient.