Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) from China are described, Zaischnopsis covid Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis fuscolivida Tang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis lii Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis pacis Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis campaniformis Tang & Peng sp. nov., and Zaischnopsis zhongi Jiang & Peng sp. nov. All the new species are described and illustrated based on females, and partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences are provided for the six new species as well as for the previously described Z. fumosa Peng & Xiang. Females of all the species of Zaischnopsis recorded from China are differentiated in a key.

Tessaratoma papillosa is a major pest of Litchi chinensis and Dimocarpus longan. Adult and nymph secretions are not only harmful to plants but also to humans. At present, there are not a lot of research on T. papillosa, especially omics research. We used high-throughput sequencing technology to sequence the T. papillosa transcriptome and obtained 67,597 unigenes homologous to Halyomorpha halys (88.03%). Subsequently, RNA-SEQ and comparative analyses were performed on the 14 different developmental stages and tissues. A total of 462 unigenes related to growth and development, 1,851 unigenes related to digestion and detoxification, and 70 unigenes related to olfaction were obtained. Moreover, expression analysis showed that the T. papillosa major life activities genes are uniformly expressed across all developmental states. However, the adult midgut gene expression patterns were utterly different from that of the nymphs. Similarly, female fat body genes exhibited distinct expression patterns compared to that of males and nymphs. Thus, different developmental stages and physiological functions affect gene expression patterns. We also found that most of the differential genes were associated with cellular maintenance. This study will help understand the growth and development of litchi stink bugs, their choice of host plants, food digestion and detoxification, and their reproductive behavior. In addition, this result can provide reference information for some target genes in the process of control of T. papillosa.

The ethics of human enhancement technology are highly controversial. The purpose of this paper is to provide an ethical justification for the genetic enhancement technology and then extend it to the ethical feasibility of other human enhancement technologies. According to the customs of most countries in the world, the age of 18 is generally regarded as the threshold of adulthood. Non-adults under 18 can be divided into the embryonic period from the fertilized egg to the eighth week and the growing period from the ninth week to the age of 18. Genetic enhancement in embryonic period has been criticized by a series of ethical charges with "germline change" as the core. Although genetic enhancement in the growing period avoids the critical opinion of "germline change", it is still criticized by a series of ethical charges with "human-nature change" as the core. Genetic enhancement in the adulthood will successfully avoid the two fatal charges of "germline change" and "human-nature change", while responding well to other ethical charges. The conclusion of this paper is that adult gene enhancement is ethically feasible, and further application of other adult human enhancement techniques is also ethically feasible.

The debate between conservatism and progressivism of human enhancement ethics is essentially a debate between normative ethics and naturalistic ethics. Naturalistic ethics has a problem of "naturalistic fallacy", and normative ethics also has a problem of "normative paranoea". The former is a historical limitation of human cognitive ability which can be gradually solved with the development of science and technology, while the latter is a self-righteous positioning error of anthropocentrism. Therefore, normative ethics should give way to naturalistic ethics, and accordingly conservatism of human enhancement ethics should give way to progressivism. A naturalistic research approach is needed for human enhancement ethics. This naturalistic approach regards man as a living system that realizes its pursuit of balance through survival and development. Freedom is the pursuit of the balanced state of the living system, while survival and development are the process of the realizing of this pursuit. Equality is the fact that living systems are identical to other living systems and thus have equal influence in the higher systems of which they are composed. Democracy is a high-level system composed of living systems in which the dominant power is in the hands of most subsystems rather than a few. This as a whole constitutes a kind of naturalistic or systematic axiology.