With the large-scale development of distributed generations (DGs) and the connection into the main grid of active distribution networks (ADNs), traditional centralized dispatch of power system has encountered enormous challenge. In a bilateral electricity market, introducing ADN resources in the day-ahead generation schedule will not only enrich the dispatch patterns to the power system, but also reflect the initiative of ADNs. This paper proposes a coordinated scheduling model of power system with a plurality of ADNs based on multi-agent system where ADN agents are brought in the day-ahead market clearing. The process of market clearing and the dispatch of DGs in ADNs are independent with each other but linked together through the market clearing price (MCP) and bid volume. The optimal operating point of the whole system is achieved through multiple information exchange. In comparison with the dispatch without interaction between ADNs and the market operator (MO), the coordinated scheduling model is applied in a system with four ADNs to verify that the proposed method can improve the overall interests of ADNs. Finally, the effects of storage device and tie-line power limit are analyzed.

Involvement of active distribution networks (ADNs) in emission management can give full play to the carbon-reduction potential of distributed generations (DGs) and demand response. With the development of smart grid, low-carbon coordinated scheduling of power system with ADNs will become a new trend. A bilevel dispatch model based on locational marginal emission (LME) is proposed to achieve carbon reduction from both generation and load sides. The main grid dispatch is a problem of dynamic optimal power flow aiming at reducing both the operating and emission costs, in which LME under AC condition is adopted to calculate the carbon emission produced by node power. The ADN level is the DG generation schedule with the objective of minimizing both the cost and system emission based on LME. The main grid and ADNs interact and cooperate with each other by locational marginal price (LMP) and LME to cut the carbon pollution. Simulation results in a modified IEEE 30-bus system and an IEEE 118-bus system show that compared with the traditional LMP-based coordinated scheduling, the bilevel dispatch model based on LME can reduce carbon emission effectively and promote ADNs' participation in system carbon emission management.

As one of the resources of peak load shifting, demand response has played an important role in active distribution networks(ADNs). A bi-level dispatch model of ADNs based on demand response(DR) is introduced in this paper. The upper level of the model is the dynamic optimal power flow in the ADN considering the incentive-based DR while the lower level is the dispatch of the price-based DR. An improved IEEE 30-bus system is used to test the model. Simulation results show that the proposed model can reduce the cost of ADNs system.

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