Conversion of curtilage land into cropland or grassland can have substantial effects on soil nutrition and microbial activities; however, these effects remain ambiguous. This is the first study to compare the soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions and bacterial communities in rural curtilage, converted cropland, and grassland compared with cropland and grassland. This study determined the light fraction (LF) and heavy fraction (HF) of organic carbon (OC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and the microbial community structure by conducting a high-throughput analysis. Curtilage soil had significantly lower OC content, the DOC, MBC, LFOC and HFOC of grassland and cropland soils were 104.11%, 55.58%, 264.17%, and 51.04% higher than curtilage soil averagely. Cropland showed notably high bacterial richness and diversity, with Proteobacteria (35.18%), Actinobacteria (31.48%), and Chloroflexi (17.39%) predominating in cropland, grassland, and curtilage soil, respectively. Moreover, DOC and LFOC contents of converted cropland and grassland soils were 47.17% and 148.65% higher than curtilage soil while MBC content was 46.24% lower than curtilage soil averagely. Land conversion showed more significant effects on microbial composition than land-use differences. The abundant Actinobacteria and Micrococcaceae population and the low MBC contents indicated a “hungry” bacterial state in the converted soil, whereas the high MBC content, Acidobacteria proportion, and relative abundance of functional genes in the fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis indicated a “fat” bacterial state in cropland. This study contributes to the improvement of soil fertility and the comprehension and efficient use of curtilage soil.

Studying the CO2-assimilation potential under the effect of glucose addition is of great significance to completely comprehend the dynamic carbon cycle in wetland ecosystems. Rhizospheric sediments (RS) and bulk sediments (BS) were selected, with the addition of glucose (G) or not, and two experimental pots (RSG and BSG) and two control pots (RS and BS) were formed. Then, within 45 h of glucose addition, the sediments were sampled at intervals of 4 h for dynamic monitoring. The bacterial communities encoded by CO2-assimilating function genes (cbbL) and the corresponding activities of key enzyme (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, RubisCO), and the light fraction (LF) and heavy fraction (HF) of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of the samples were determined. The results demonstrated that the dynamic processes of glucose deposition and degradation occurred in sediments from RSG and BSG, with the greatest depositions of 2.35 and 2.48 mg·g−1 in the 4th and 12th hour, respectively. The contents of LFOC, LFON, HFOC, and HFON decreased by 171.70%, 125.45%, 8.40%, and 68.17% in the RSG pot, and decreased by 221.55%, 102.61%, 0.07%, and 74.74% in the BSG pot, respectively, which suggested the dominant activities of C and N mineralization. The FT-MIR of LF showed different changes of typical chemical bonds between RSG and BSG during the process, which further indicated irregular and inconsistent mineralization activities. The RubisCO activities in the rhizospheric sediments (52.14 nmol (g·min)−1 on average) were substantially greater than in the bulk sediments, which indicated the high potential of carbon assimilation in rhizospheric sediments. Moreover, it showed a lower trend in BSG, BS, and RS, but an increasing trend in RSG after the glucose addition, albeit the effects were recovered in the 45th hour. The cbbL-containing bacteria were more abundant in the rhizospheric sediments than in the bulk sediments, and this effect was higher than that of the glucose addition. Proteobacteria were the dominating phylum with mean values of 93.49%, and Burkholderiales was found to be the dominant order (37.74% on average). Moreover, the changes in bacterial composition between the rhizospheric sediments and bulk sediments were more pronounced than they were during the process. Therefore, the effects of glucose degradation on RubisCO activity and cbbL-containing bacteria were transient, but the effects on organic matter fractions were straightforward, which probably further change the bacterial abundance and composition.