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Highly active photocatalysts driving chemical reactions are of paramount importance toward renewable energy substitutes and environmental protection. As a fascinating Aurivillius phase material, Bi 2 MoO 6 has been the hotspot in photocatalytic applications due to its visible light absorption, nontoxicity, low cost, and high chemical durability. However, pure Bi 2 MoO 6 suffers from low efficiency in separating photogenerated carriers, small surface area, and poor quantum yield, resulting in low photocatalytic activity. Various strategies, such as morphology control, doping/defect-introduction, metal deposition, semiconductor combination, and surface modification with conjugative π structures, have been systematically explored to improve the photocatalytic activity of Bi 2 MoO 6 . To accelerate further developments of Bi 2 MoO 6 in the field of photocatalysis, this comprehensive Review endeavors to summarize recent research progress for the construction of highly efficient Bi 2 MoO 6 -based photocatalysts. Furthermore, benefiting from the enhanced photo catalytic activity of Bi 2 MoO 6 -based materials, various photocatalytic applications including water splitting, pollutant removal, and disinfection of bacteria, were introduced and critically reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of Bi 2 MoO 6 are pointed out. This comprehensive Review is expected to consolidate the existing fundamental theories of photo catalysis and pave a novel avenue to rationally design highly efficient Bi 2 MoO 6 -based photocatalysts for environmental pollution control and green energy development.