Oxidative [3+3] cycloadditions offer an efficient route for six-membered-ring formation. This approach has been realized based on an electrochemical oxidative coupling of indoles/enamines with active methylene compounds followed by tandem 6p-electrocyclization leading to the synthesis of dihydropyrano[4,3-b]indoles and 2,3-dihydrofurans. The radical-radical cross-coupling of the radical species generated by anodic oxidation combined with the cathodic generation of the base from O 2 allows for mild reaction conditions for the synthesis of structurally complex heterocycles.
Cycloaddition reactions offer great
advantages regarding atom and
step economy for the construction of various carbocycles and heterocycles.
While the recent development based on sensitized visible light photocatalysis
allowed the synthesis of azetidines via imine-alkene [2 + 2] cycloaddition,
imine-alkyne [2 + 2] cycloaddition under visible light photocatalysis
has not been reported. In this regard, we report the synthesis of
pyrrolizidinones based on intramolecular imine-alkyne [2 + 2] cycloaddition
under visible light photocatalysis. This redox-neutral reaction involves
formal imine-alkyne metathesis followed by redox-mediated annulation
with concomitant rearrangement. In contrast, the use of imino-alkenes
provides dihyro-1,4-oxazines via an alternative [4 + 2] cycloaddition
pathway. The proposed reaction mechanisms were supported by control
experiments and DFT calculations.
Oxidative [3+3] cycloadditions offer an efficient route for six‐membered‐ring formation. This approach has been realized based on an electrochemical oxidative coupling of indoles/enamines with active methylene compounds followed by tandem 6π‐electrocyclization leading to the synthesis of dihydropyrano[4,3‐b]indoles and 2,3‐dihydrofurans. The radical–radical cross‐coupling of the radical species generated by anodic oxidation combined with the cathodic generation of the base from O2 allows for mild reaction conditions for the synthesis of structurally complex heterocycles.
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