ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the 3-dimensional (3D) superimposition method of digital models in patients who received treatment with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and maxillary protraction headgear.MethodsThe material consisted of pre- and post-treatment maxillary dental casts and lateral cephalograms of 30 patients, who underwent RME and maxillary protraction headgear treatment. Digital models were superimposed using the palate as a reference area. The movement of the maxillary central incisor and the first molar was measured on superimposed cephalograms and 3D digital models. To determine whether any difference existed between the 2 measuring techniques, intra-class correlation (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were analyzed.ResultsThe measurements on the 3D digital models and cephalograms showed a very high correlation in the antero-posterior direction (ICC, 0.956 for central incisor and 0.941 for first molar) and a moderate correlation in the vertical direction (ICC, 0.748 for central incisor and 0.717 for first molar).ConclusionsThe 3D model superimposition method using the palate as a reference area is as clinically reliable for assessing antero-posterior tooth movement as cephalometric superimposition, even in cases treated with orthopedic appliances, such as RME and maxillary protraction headgear.

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Osteoma is a benign, slow growing lesion that consists of compact or cancellous bone. Three types of osteomas could be classified: the central osteoma arising from the endosteum, the peripheral osteoma from the periosteum, and the extraskeletal soft tissue osteoma. in the craniofacial region, peripheral osteomas of the zygoma are quite rare. A literature review identified 7 cases of zygomatic arch and 3 cases of zygomatic body. This is the first report of zygomatic osteoma that was endoscopically removed. This report presents a rare case of osteoma of the zygoma and its endoscopic approach. The authors were able to confirm that endo-scopic approach of this zygomatic osteoma was safe and effective surgical choice.

Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a rare, highly keratinized, well-differentiated, low-grade squamous cell carcinoma. A 58-year-old male presented with a 5-year history of a recurrent growing hyperkeratotic mass with intermittent bloody discharge, ulceration and dystrophic nail change on the right fifth toe. Since multiple dermatologic treatments were yielding no response, punch biopsy was performed for a more accurate diagnosis and the result was consistent with verruca vulgaris. As the lesion was responding poorly despite further dermatologic treatments for verruca vulgaris, radical surgical resection was performed. Microscopic examination of the excised lesion revealed epidermis with hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, papillomatosis, and reticular dermis invasion, consistent with VC. Since the diagnosis changed to VC, and the resection margin was involved by the carcinoma, the patient underwent an amputation procedure at the proximal phalangeal base. This case report highlights the importance of diagnosing VC. In cases of lesions such as verruca vulgaris or onychomycosis that are not responsive to general treatment, physicians should consider VC as a differential diagnosis, to prevent delaying a proper diagnosis and progression of disease.

Purpose: Polydactyly of the foot is a common congenital anomaly. The goal of surgery for polydactyly is to increase similarity to the contralateral foot, with a well-aligned arcade of toes that allows patients to wear normal footwear and ambulate painlessly. Foot appearance is especially important in Asian countries where people remove their shoes indoors. This study reviewed the surgical results in patients who underwent surgery for correction of untreated foot polydactyly after the age of 18 years. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 11 patients who underwent surgery between 2006 and 2019. The forefoot width, angulation difference, and toe length ratios between the affected and unaffected feet were compared before and after the operation. In addition, the purpose of the surgery and postoperative cosmetic satisfaction were collected for each patient.Results: The median age at the time of the operation was 25 years (interquartile range, 22–32 years) and most patients presented with postaxial polydactyly. The primary reasons to undergo surgery were both functional and cosmetic. The forefoot width and angle difference ratios became significantly more similar to the contralateral side postoperatively (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the toe length ratio. Postoperative Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores showed satisfactory results. Conclusion: The main reasons for surgery in adulthood included the diverse consequences of functional and cosmetic aspects of the anomaly. Surgery for patients with untreated polydactyly of the foot can yield satisfactory objective and subjective results regardless of the intervention timing.