Aims and ObjectivesQuarantine during the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in longer‐term sedentary behaviours and mental health problems. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Otago exercise programme (OEP) on physical function and mental health among elderly with cognitive frailty during COVID‐19.BackgroundLockdowns and restrictions during the COVID‐19 pandemic result in longer‐term sedentary behaviours related disease and mental problem. Older people with cognitive frailty are more vulnerable to be influenced. Timely intervention may achieve better outcomes, OEP exercise was designed as a balance and muscle‐strengthening programme for elderly people.DesignA parallel‐group, assessor‐blinded randomised controlled trial was performed according to CONSORT guidelines.MethodsThis study was conducted from July 2020 to October 2020 among 62 elderly people with cognitive frailty from a nursing home. Participants were randomly divided into an OEP group (n = 31) or a control group (n = 31). Both groups received sleep‐ and diet‐related health education. The OEP group also received a 12‐week group exercise programme. The Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) were used to assess physical function. The Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 (GDS‐15) and the 12‐Item Short Form Health Survey Mental Component Summary (SF‐12 MCS) were used to assess mental health. Outcomes were measured at 6 and 12 weeks.ResultsPhysical function and mental health were similar in the two groups at baseline. At 12 weeks, the OEP group (difference in change from baseline: FTSST, −2.78; TUGT, −3.73; BBS, 2.17; GDS‐15, −0.72; SF‐12 MCS, 2.58; all p < .001) exhibited significantly greater improvements than the control group (difference in change from baseline: FTSST, 1.55; TUGT, 1.66; BBS, −0.10; GDS‐15, 1.07; SF‐12 MCS, −5.95; all p < .001).ConclusionOur findings showed the OEP group had better physical function and mental health outcomes than the control group. OEP can be used to improve the physical and mental function among elderly people with cognitive frailty during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Relevance to clinical practiceOtago exercise program intervention programmes should be implemented to improve physical function for cognitive frailty elderly to reduce the harm of longer‐term sedentary behaviours, and to ruduce depression symptom and improve mental health, particularly during COVID‐19 pandemic period.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disease involving multiple genes and multiple sites, and it is closely related to environmental factors. It has been gradually revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may regulate the pathogenesis of ASD at the epigenetic level. In neuronal cells, the lncRNA moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS) forms a double-stranded RNA with moesin (MSN) to suppress moesin protein expression. MSNP1AS overexpression can activate the RhoA pathway and inhibit the Rac1 and PI3K/Akt pathways; however, the regulation of Rac1 by MSNP1AS is not associated with MSN, and the effect on the RhoA pathway may also be associated with other factors. MSNP1AS can decrease the number and length of neurites, inhibit neuronal cell viability and migration, and promote apoptosis. Downregulation of MSN expression functions similarly to MSNP1AS, and its overexpression can block the above functions of MSNP1AS. In addition, in vivo experiments show that MSN improves social interactions and reduces repetitive behaviors in BTBR mice, decreases the activity of RhoA and restores the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, the abnormal expression of MSNP1AS in ASD patients might influence the structure and survival of neuronal cells through the regulation of moesin protein expression to facilitate the development and progression of ASD. These findings provide new evidence for studying the mechanisms of lncRNAs in ASD.

Objectives:To estimate the benefits of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) used immediately after planned postextubation in patients with chronic respiratory disorders.Methods:Cochrane Library, PubMed, the Chinese BioMedical Literature Database of clinical trials (CBD) and Embase were searched for pertinent studies by 2 trained investigators. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by employing both fixed-effects and random-effects models.Results:Eight studies enrolling 736 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with general oxygen therapy, NIV used immediately after planned extubation in patients with chronic respiratory disease reduced the reintubation rate (p=0.02), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence rate (p=0.000), and ICU mortality (p=0.002) and increased the level of PO2 (p=0.03).Conclusion:Non-invasive ventilation used immediately after planned extubation seems to be advantageous for decreasing the reintubation rate, VAP incidence, and ICU death rate in patients with chronic respiratory disease.

Background: The associations of depression with incident heart failure (HF) risk based on epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. Objective: We aimed to quantitatively estimate the relative effect of depression on the development of HF. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies published between January 1, 1950, and August 31, 2019, from PubMed, Embase, and the Science Citation Index databases. We selected prospective cohort studies reporting the relationship between depression and incident HF. Maximally adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were combined using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity across studies was calculated by the I 2 statistic. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (number CRD42020149274). Results: Six population-based, prospective cohort studies with 4727 HF events among 131 282 participants were eligible for meta-analysis. Compared with participants reporting no depression, those with depression had a 23% increased risk of developing HF (pooled hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.41). There was no significant heterogeneity across studies (χ 2 = 7.75, df = 5, P = .17, I 2 = 35.5%). Conclusion: Published literature supports a significant association of depression with an increased incidence of HF in the general population.