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Template matching technique is a common technical tool in underwater acoustic target recognition. The traditional template matching method calculates the distance between the test sample and the template on the basis of feature extraction and compression, and characterizes the similarity by the distance measure, which requires high feature extraction and compression techniques. This paper proposes a Siamese network-based multi-sub-band matching method for the LOFAR spectrum of underwater acoustic targets from the target LOFAR waterfall spectrogram. The method fully considers the limited sample of underwater acoustic target data and the difference of energy distribution of the target in different frequency bands, divides the LOFAR spectrum into multiple sub-bands, and constructs a multi-sub-band Siamese network model under small sample conditions, which is suitable for solving the matching recognition problem of underwater acoustic targets. The actual sea trial data verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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