optoelectronic industries, flexible optoelectronic devices have been attracting more and more attention owning to their lightweight, better portability, wearable, and low manufacturing cost. [4] Recently, significant breakthroughs of flexible PDs based on various nanomaterials, including quantum dots, [5] nanowires, [6] and 2D layered materials, [7] have been achieved in mechanical stability, flexibility, and stretchability. [8] Particularly, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have become a promising candidate for flexible PDs with high performances, [9] owning to their large optical absorption coefficient in visible-light range, tunable bandgaps, prolonged carrier life-time, and diffusion lengths. [10] However, a few reports are available about large-scale high-resolution and flexible PD arrays based on the perovskite materials for the real-time light trajectory and the light imaging.The key challenge for large-scale PD arrays based on the perovskite materials is the appropriate and effective synthesis technique for the miniaturization and integration of the device. Traditional fabrication processes, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), [11] vapor-phase epitaxial growth method, [12] andThe quest for novel deformable image sensors with outstanding optoelectronic properties and large-scale integration becomes a great impetus to exploit more advanced flexible photodetector (PD) arrays. Here, 10 × 10 flexible PD arrays with a resolution of 63.5 dpi are demonstrated based on as-prepared perovskite arrays for photosensing and imaging. Large-scale growth controllable CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x arrays are synthesized on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate by using a two-step sequential deposition method with the developed Al 2 O 3 -assisted hydrophilic-hydrophobic surface treatment process. The flexible PD arrays with high detectivity (9.4 × 10 11 Jones), large on/off current ratio (up to 1.2 × 10 3 ), and broad spectral response exhibit excellent electrical stability under large bending angle (θ = 150°) and superior folding endurance after hundreds of bending cycles. In addition, the device can execute the functions of capturing a real-time light trajectory and detecting a multipoint light distribution, indicating that it has widespread potential in photosensing and imaging for optical communication, digital display, and artificial electronic skin applications. Perovskite PhotodetectorsThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.Optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors (PDs), [1] light-emitting diodes (LEDs), [2] and solar cells (SCs), [3] have a vast applications in our daily life, such as optoelectronic communication, imaging technology, environmental monitoring, and digital display. With the development of emerging
Since the appearance of semiconductor solid-state lasers in the 1960s, [1] lasers have shown tremendous potential in various applications, such as data communication, medical treatment, environmental science, and military defense. Up to now, enormous research efforts have been conducted to develop high-quality semiconductor lasers. [2] Multiple-mode lasers suffer from false signaling, random fluctuation, and instability which hinder their practical applications. [3,4] Therefore, efforts to achieve single-mode lasers have drawn much attention due to the monochromaticity, high stability, controllable output wavelength, and great potential of these lasers in practical applications, such as in on-chip optical communication. [5] Thus far, most single-mode lasers have been realized in the following four ways: 1) decreasing the cavity size to enlarge the free spectral range (FSR); [6,7] 2) fabricating distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror structures or distributed feedback (DFB) CsPbBr 3 shows great potential in laser applications due to its superior optoelectronic characteristics. The growth of CsPbBr 3 wire arrays with well-controlled sizes and locations is beneficial for cost-effective and largely scalable integration into on-chip devices. Besides, dynamic modulation of perovskite lasers is vital for practical applications. Here, monocrystalline CsPbBr 3 microwire (MW) arrays with tunable widths, lengths, and locations are successfully synthesized. These MWs could serve as high-quality whispering-gallery-mode lasers with high quality factors (>1500), low thresholds (<3 µJ cm −2 ), and long stability (>2 h). An increase of the width results in an increase of the laser quality and the resonant mode number. The dynamic modulation of lasing modes is achieved by a piezoelectric polarization-induced refractive index change. Single-mode lasing can be obtained by applying strain to CsPbBr 3 MWs with widths between 2.3 and 3.5 µm, and the mode positions can be modulated dynamically up to ≈9 nm by changing the applied strain. Piezoelectric-induced dynamic modulation of single-mode lasing is convenient and repeatable. This method opens new horizons in understanding and utilizing the piezoelectric properties of lead halide perovskites in lasing applications and shows potential in other applications, such as on-chip strain sensing.
A novel double-anion complex, H [(CH ) N] [PNb O (V O) ⋅(V O ) ]⋅22 H O (1), based on bicapped polyoxoniobate and tetranuclear polyoxovanadate was synthesized, characterized by routine techniques and used in the catalytic decontamination of chemical warfare agents. Under mild conditions, 1 catalyzes both hydrolysis of the nerve agent simulant, diethyl cyanophosphonate (DECP) and selective oxidation of the sulfur mustard simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). In the oxidative decontamination system 100 % CEES was transformed selectively to nontoxic 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide and vinyl ethyl sulfoxide using nearly stoichiometric 3 % aqueous H O with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 16 000 h . Importantly, the catalytic activity is maintained even after ten recycles and CEES is completely decontaminated in 3 mins without formation of the highly toxic sulfone by-product. A three-step oxidative mechanism is proposed.
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