Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) has attracted substantial attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Endothelial cell (EC)-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) interactions are necessary for bone reconstruction, but the manner in which nano-HA interacts in this process remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the cytotoxicity and osteoinductive effects of HA nanoparticles (HANPs) on MSCs using an indirect co-culture model mediated by ECs and highlighted the underlying mechanisms. It was found that at a subcytotoxic dose, HANPs increased the viability and expression of osteoblast genes, as well as mineralized nodules and alkaline phosphatase production of MSCs. These phenomena relied on HIF-1α secreted by ECs, which triggered the ERK1/2 signaling cascade. In addition, a two-stage cell-lineage mathematical model was established to quantitatively analyze the impact of HIF-1α on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. It demonstrated that HIF-1α exerted a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on the osteogenic differentiation rate of MSCs up to 1500 pg/mL, which was in agreement with the above results. Our data implied that cooperative interactions between HANPs, ECs, and MSCs likely serve to stimulate bone regeneration. Furthermore, the two-stage cell-lineage model is helpful in vitro system for assessing the potential influence of effector molecules in bone tissue engineering.

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Background Residual ridge resorption impairs patients’ satisfaction with complete denture (CD) treatment, but influence of bone resorption on the aesthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients still remains unclear due to insufficient quantitative investigations. Objectives To quantitatively evaluate the effects of residual ridge resorption on facial aesthetic reconstruction in elderly edentulous patients. Methods According to radiological examination, a total of 19 edentulous subjects were categorised into two groups, atrophic patients (APs) and non‐atrophic patients (NAPs). Before CD treatment and 3 months after treatment, patients were asked to complete the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES). The changes in facial appearance were measured by 3D stereophotogrammetry, and the facial parameters of two groups were compared. Results The patient's subjective satisfaction of oro‐facial aesthetics and 3D objective assessment of facial appearance improved after CD treatment. Subnasale‐gnathion (Sn‐Gn) significantly increased from 60.13 ± 3.91 mm to 62.27 ± 3.82 mm. After rehabilitation, glabella‐subnasale (G‐Sn)/Sn‐Gn, nasolabial (Cm‐Sn‐Ls) and mentolabial (Li‐Sm‐Pg) significantly decreased and were closer to normal values. Moreover, the subtraction value between G‐Sn/Sn‐Gn and normal value before treatment of APs and NAPs was 14.47 ± 8.04% and 6.94 ± 3.69%, respectively (P = .026), while after treatment, the values decreased to 10.61 ± 6.33% and 3.86 ± 2.31% (P = .013), respectively. Conclusion The increased volume of lips and cheeks played an important role in the facial aesthetic reconstruction of edentulous patients. NAPs tended to have more attractive faces after CD treatment, as their facial profile parameters (G‐Sn/Sn‐Gn and Cm‐Sn‐Ls) were closer to normal Chinese with well‐balanced faces.

With the development of technology, drugs are being developed for different purposes. Thus, the rate of drug injury considerably increased worldwide. Liver is the largest detoxification organ in the human body, but it is also the organ most vulnerable to drug damage. Ginsenoside Rg1 has been reported to have an extensive protective effect on liver injury. However, no evident results showed whether ginsenoside Rh1 could improve the injury caused by drugs. Therefore, this paper aimed to explore the protective effect in a mouse model with liver injury. Mice administered with acetaminophen (APAP) were used as the negative group, while those administered with Rg1 (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) and Rh1 (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) were used as the prevention groups. Results indicated that the treatments increased the levels of GSH and SOD remarkably and decreased that of MDA. In addition, the expression levels of GOT and GPT was remarkably reduced compared with the negative group. Inflammatory agents TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β were also decreased by the treatments. Meanwhile, Rg1 and Rh1 not only prevented the expression of Bax but also promoted Bcl‐2 levels in mice. All results suggested that ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Rh1 exerted a preventive effect on APAP‐induced liver injury in mice. Practical applications With the increasing number of patients suffering from drug‐induced liver injury, it is urgent to find alternative natural plant drugs to treat liver injury. This paper focuses on the protective effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Rh1 on acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver injury. From the previous studies, we found that there is no sufficient evidence to show that ginsenoside Rh1 has protective effect on liver injury. In this paper, the detection of oxidative stress indicators, liver histopathological analysis and immunoprotein analysis show that both ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Rh1 have preventive effect on liver injury caused by APAP, which provides a reference for the follow‐up experimental research.

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