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Infrared small target detection is challenging due to the various background and low signalto-clutter ratios. Considering the information deficiency faced by single spatial or temporal information, we construct a low false alarm spatial and temporal filter for infrared small target detection. A multiscale patch-based contrast measure is first used to suppress background and remove cloud edges at a coarse level. Then, a temporal variance filter is used to remove small broken cloud regions and suppress noise at a fine level. By integrating these two methods, infrared small targets can be extracted accurately and robustly using an adaptive threshold segmentation. The experimental results indicate that our proposed method can robustly detect small infrared targets with a low false alarm rate. INDEX TERMS Infrared image sequence, small target detection, local contrast, temporal profile.

The paper focuses on the mathematical modeling of a new double linear array detector. The special feature of the detector is that image pairs can be generated at short intervals in one scan. After registration and removal of dynamic cloud edges in each image, the image differentiation-based change detection method in the temporal domain is proposed to combine with the structure tensor edge suppression method in the spatial domain. Finally, experiments are conducted, and our results are compared with theoretic analyses. It is found that a high signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) of camera input is required to obtain an acceptable detection rate and false alarm rate in real scenes. Experimental results also show that the proposed cloud edge removal solution can be used to successfully detect targets with a very low false alarm rate and an acceptable detection rate.

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Considering the space Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) needs high reliable design, especially for it works in harsh environment, a robust design and optimal method is proposed. Firstly the mathematical model of sequential switching shunt regulator(S3R) is shown to be suitable for regulated bus power systems. Secondly, optimize the bus capacitor parameter by the parameter sweep analysis. Thirdly, when all the components change simultaneously in the worst case, the performance of the S3R circuit meets the design requirements and the shunt components meet the derating requirements in the monte carlo analysis and stress analysis. Finally, simulate two failure modes: the load changes in pulse mode and the current supply of the second-stage solar array is zero, the simulation results show that the output of the bus voltage is stable and ripples in the specified range.