Background: We performed a meta-analysis to explore risk factors of surgical site infection (SSI) following spinal surgery.Methods: An extensive search of literature was performed in English database of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library and Chinese database of CNKI and WANFANG (up to October 2020). We collected factors including demographic data and surgical factor. Data analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0.Results: Totally, 26 studies were included in the final analysis. In our study, the rate of SSI after spinal surgery was 2.9% (1222 of 41,624). Our data also showed that fusion approach (anterior vs posterior; anterior vs combined), osteotomy, transfusion, a history of diabetes and surgery, hypertension, surgical location (cervical vs thoracic; lumbar vs thoracic), osteoporosis and the number of fusion levels were associated with SSI after spinal surgery. However, age, sex, a history of smoking, body mass index, fusion approach (posterior vs combined), surgical location (cervical vs lumbar), duration of surgery, blood loss, using steroid, dural tear and albumin were not associated with development of SSI.Conclusions: In our study, many factors were associated with increased risk of SSI after spinal surgery. We hope this article can provide a reference for spinal surgeons to prevent SSI after spinal surgery.

The purpose of this study is to explore perioperative factors predicting symptomatic adjacent segment disease (ASD) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) at 5-year follow-up.This study included 356 patients who underwent ACDF for CSM from Jan.2011 to Jan.2013. Up to Jan. 2018, 39 patients suffered from ASD and 317 did not. Assessments include: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, smoking, alcohol, duration of symptoms, preoperative Cobb angle of C2 to 7, T1 slope, C2 to 7 range of motion (C2–7 range of motion [ROM]), C2 to 7 sagittal vertical axis (C2–7 SVA), fusion level involved, superior fusion segment, high signal intensity on T2-WI of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS)-neck, VAS-Arm, Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA). Factors were processed by univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression.Data analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis shows that age (68.9 years old), duration of symptoms (18.8 months), superior fusion segment, more fusion level involved (2.7), high signal intensity on T2-WI (17 of 39 patients), Cobb angle of C2 to C7 (18.7°), C2 to C7 SVA (31.0 mm), T1 slope (28.4°), preoperative VAS-neck (5.2), VAS-Arm (5.6) and NDI (36.7) in ASD group are significantly higher than those in non-ASD group, however, preoperative JOA (8.2 vs 11.2, P < .001) has an opposite trend in 2 groups.The rate of ASD after ACDF is 10.9% in 5-year follow up. Patients with cervical sagittal imbalance, advanced age and sever state of CSM, which have a positive relation with ASD before surgery should be paid attention for surgeons.

H2O2 is essential for cellular processes and plays a vital role in the regulation of cell signaling pathways, which can be viewed as a warning signal for many kinds of disease including cancer, cardiovascular disease, reproductive abnormalities, diabetes, and renal failure. A H2O2-responsive hydrogel (H2O2-Gel) is a promising candidate for biomedical applications because of its good biocompatibility, similarity to soft biological tissues, ease of preparation, and its ability to respond to H2O2. In this study, the H2O2-responsive moieties used to fabricate H2O2-Gels were reviewed, including thioethers, disulfide bonds, selenides, diselenium bonds, diketones, boronic, and others. Next, the preparation method of H2O2-Gel was divided into two major categories according to their reaction mechanisms: either self-crosslinking or mechanisms entailing the addition of difunctional crosslinkers. Last, the applications of H2O2-Gels were emphasized, which have been viewed as desirable candidates in the fields of drug delivery, the detection of H2O2, glucose-responsive systems, ROS scavengers, tissue engineering, and cell-encapsulation.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the left and right ventricular segmental and global myocardial function of normal fetuses using velocity vector imaging and explore the correlation between global myocardial function parameters and gestational age.MethodsA total of 127 normal fetuses were selected and divided into five groups according to gestational age for the measurement of their left and right ventricular segmental and global velocity, strain, and strain rate. This study also explored the change trend in the global myocardial function parameters at different gestational ages and analyzed its correlation with gestational age.ResultsThe peak velocities of the biventricular segments of the normal fetuses showed a decreasing trend from the basal to the middle to the apex segment, and the differences were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). However, the strain and peak strain rate between adjacent segments showed no significant differences (P &gt; 0.05). The peak global velocity of both ventricles increased with the gestational age, and it was moderately correlated with gestational age; however, the correlation of strain and peak strain rate with gestational age was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionIn normal fetuses, the peak myocardial velocity of the biventricular segments showed a decreasing trend from the basal to the apical segment. The global peak myocardial velocity was linearly correlated with gestational age; however, the global strain and peak strain rate did not change as gestational age increased, indicating that the myocardial deformability of the fetus' ventricles was constant in the middle and late trimesters.