Background The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between parental supply of alcohol, alcohol–related harms, and the severity of alcohol use disorder in Thai 7th grade middle school students. Methods A cross–sectional descriptive study obtained the baseline data from the project named the Thailand Parental Supply and Use of Alcohol, Cigarettes & Drugs Longitudinal Study Cohort in Secondary School Students in 2018. The sample size was 1187 students who have ever sipped or drank alcohol in the past 12 months. Pearson’s Chi square, binary logistic regression, and ordinal logistic regression are applied in the analysis. Results A single source of parental supply is not significantly associated with any alcohol-related harm and the severity of alcohol use disorder, while parental supply with peers and siblings supply of alcohol plays an important role in both outcomes. The increasing number of sources of alcohol supply increases the risk of alcohol–related harm and the severity of alcohol use disorder. Other risk factors found in both associations included binge drinking, alcohol flushing, low household economic status, distance from the student’s family, and poor academic performance. Gender, exposure to alcohol ads on social media and location of residency were not associated with alcohol–related harms or severity of alcohol use disorder. Conclusions The results did not support parental guidance in teaching or giving children a drink or sip of alcohol within family to prevent related harms when drinking outside with their peers.

Background Anxiety disorders are common comorbidities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who are also at a high risk of bullying behavior. However, little is known about the roles of anxiety symptomatology in the relationship between ADHD and bullying behavior. Objective This cross-sectional, clinic-based study aims to investigate the associations between anxiety symptomatology and bullying involvement in youth with ADHD. Method One hundred and eighty children and adolescents with ADHD aged 10–18 years participated in the study. The Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was self-rated, and the participants were interviewed with the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire to categorize bullying involvement. Data were analyzed through percentage, nonparametric statistics, chi-squared statistics, and logistic regression analysis. Results Sixty-nine percent of youth with ADHD reported involvement in bullying, of which 33.3%, 8.9%, and 27.2% were classified as victims, bullies, and bully-victims, respectively. The means and 95% confidence intervals of the total SCARED scores showed a significant difference among bullying behavior groups. The highest SCARED scores could be noticed in the victim and bully-victim groups, with the lowest scores observed in the bully group. Youth with ADHD who had comorbid anxiety were 3.51 times more likely to be bullied than those who did not have anxiety. Conclusions A differential effect of anxiety symptomatology on bullying behavior in youth with ADHD was evident. These results highlight the utility of including anxiety in the conceptualization of bullying problems in youth with ADHD to plan successful anti-bullying interventions.

Background: The cumulative number of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant shortage of hospital beds. Many patients may not require hospitalization and can be clinically observed in home settings. However, some psychosocial factors are correlated with unsuccessful home isolation (HI), which might negatively affect the transmission control in the community. Therefore, we developed a new psychosocial screening tool (CCPHIET) for assessing HI suitability and examined its validity and reliability.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included COVID-19 patients who were deemed to be medically safe for 14 days of HI. The CCPHIET is comprised of 8 clinical domains pertinent to HI behavioral compliance and risk. We explored its statistical validity and reliability and discussed the potential utility of this tool. Results: A total of 65 COVID-19 patients participated in this study. Most patients (58.5%) were evaluated as good candidates for HI. The CCPHIET has an acceptable content validity (IOC index > 0.5), moderate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.611) and substantial to excellent inter-rater reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.944, Cohen’s kappa= 0.627).Conclusions: To compromise between strict and costly absolute institutional quarantine and the potentially unsuccessful absolute HI, the CCPHIET may help to identify good candidates for HI in mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. This psychosocial information would support the physicians in matching each patient to the most suitable setting. Therefore, safe medical care is provided, unnecessary use of medical resources is spared, and local transmission is contained.

Background The objectives of this study were to investigate the proportion of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) among patients with diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD), to estimate the economic cost of MDD and TRD, and to examine the differences between MDD and TRD in a Thai public tertiary hospital. Methods This was a combined study between retrospective review of medical records and a cross-sectional survey. The sample size was 500 dyads of MDD patients and their unpaid caregivers. The concept of healthcare resource utilization, the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: depression and mood & mental state versions (WPAI: D, MM), the Class Impairment Questionnaire (CIQ), and the Family Experiences Interview Schedule (FEIS) were applied as the tools of the study. Pearson Chi’s square, Fisher’s Exact test, and independent T-test were employed for statistical analysis. Results The proportion of TRD was 19.6% among MDD patients in a Thai tertiary public hospital. Age, age of onset of MDD, BMI, history of suicide attempt and self-harm, and frequent smoking behavior were significantly associated with TRD. The annualized economic cost of TRD was 276,059.97 baht per person ($7,668.33), which was significantly higher than this cost of non-TRD (173,487.04 baht or $4,819.08). The aggregated economic costs of MDD were 96.8 million baht annually ($2.69M) if calculated from 500 MDD patients and unpaid caregivers. This contributed to the economic cost of TRD 27.05 million baht (98 respondents) and the economic cost of non-TRD 69.74 million baht (402 respondents). Conclusions The economic cost of TRD was significantly higher than those of non-TRD, especially direct medical costs and indirect costs.

Background: The growing number of cases presenting with COVID-19 during the pandemic has led to a significant shortage of hospital beds. Many patients may not require hospitalization and can be clinically observed in home settings. We have identified a set of psychosocial factors that correlate with unsuccessful home isolation (HI), which in turn might negatively affect the transmission control in the community. Therefore, we developed the Chula COVID-19 Psychosocial Home Isolation Evaluation Tool (CCPHIET), a new screening tool for assessing the psychosocial suitability for HI. This study examines the CCPHIET’s validity and reliability. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included COVID-19 patients who were deemed to be medically safe for 14-days of HI. The CCPHIET is comprised of eight clinical domains pertinent to HI behavioral compliance and risk for non-adherence. We explored its statistical validity and reliability and discussed the potential utility of this tool. Results: A total of 65 COVID-19 patients participated in this study. Most patients (58.5%) were deemed to be appropriate candidates for HI according to the CCPHIET. The results of this study demonstrate that the CCPHIET has an acceptable content validity (IOC index > 0.5), moderate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.611) and substantial to excellent inter-rater reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.944, Cohen’s kappa= 0.627). Conclusions: CCPHIET is an easy-to-use tool for assessing the psychosocial suitability of patients advised for at-home isolation with mild and asymptomatic COVID-19. Its implementation can assist clinicians in identifying and redirecting resources to patients at the highest risk for breaking quarantine and save on unnecessary, costly absolute institutional quarantine for those deemed to be psychosocially fit for full adherence.