Taxonomy and palaeoecology of Cretaceous nautilidsAngulithes galea (Fritsch in Fritsch & Schlönbach, 1872) and Angulithes westphalicus (Schlüter, 1872) JIØÍ FRANKAngulithes galea (Fritsch in Fritsch & Schlönbach, 1872) and Angulithes westphalicus (Schlüter, 1872) are representatives of Angulithes Montfort, 1808, occurring in the Late Cretaceous of Europe, from the Late Turonian to the Late Campanian. Following examination of the majority of specimens representing these species and their specific morphology, a detailed revision was made. Both species undergo significant morphological changes during their ontogeny, changing the shape of the ventral side and whorl cross-section attended by onset and loss of ventral keel and changing of the shell surface (by A. galea). Comparing these changes with the ontogeny of recent Nautilus suggests they are expressions of the approach and attainment of maturity. Due to this comparison, comparable changes in other taxa can be similarly interpreted, e.g. representatives of the genus Deltocymatoceras. The changes undergone by A. galea are at maturity accompanied by additional features such as strong radial ribbing, which is comparable with the ribbing in Deltocymatoceras. The affinity (ventral keel, suture, ontogeny and stratigraphy) of this genus with Angulithes is a topic for discussion.•

The endemic Late Cretaceous nautilid genus Deltocymatoceras Kummel, 1956 is represented by Deltocymatoceras leiotropis (Schlüter, 1876) and D. rugatum (Fritsch & Schlönbach, 1872). Characteristic for this genus is a bulbous involute shell with strong radial ribbing and a ventral keel, which appears in post-juvenile ontogenetic stages. The combination of these morphological features is unique among post-Palaeozoic nautiloids. Both species are restricted to the Late Turonian-Middle Coniacian of Central Europe and England. Until now, the type species D. leiotropis was known based only on the holotype specimen. This specimen is re-described with revised occurrence and for the first time photographically illustrated. The only preserved syntype from the type specimens of D. rugatum was re-discovered during this revision and more than thirty other specimens were studied. Representatives of Deltocymatoceras show clear morphological changes during their ontogeny and acquisition of maturity, most notably the appearance of a ventral keel in premature stages and its disappearance at maturity. The hypothesis of a close phylogenetic affinity of Deltocymatoceras to the genus Cymatoceras Hyatt, 1884 is based on similar morphological features such as the suture, ribbing, shell shape and early ontogenetic development. The ventral keel is quite an exceptional feature of morphology in post-Palaeozoic nautiloids. In particular the combination with an involute depressed shell is only shared with representatives of the genus Angulithes Montfort, 1808 (Cretaceous-Palaeogene) and Gryponautilus Mojsisovic, 1902 (Triassic). The combination with a compressed and evolute planispiral shell is more common in Palaeozoic and some post-Palaeozoic nautiloids. The ventral keel is discussed here in relation to its functional aspects (hydrodynamic stability) in combination with the strong radial ribbing (protection of the shell against mechanical damage). The appearance of the genus concurred with the late Turonian shallowing/cooling associated with the "Hyphantoceras Event" and the availability of an ecologic niche (i.e., absence of medium-sized, keeled ammonites at that time). Low abundance, an endemic occurrence, and the very short stratigraphic range of the genus (~3.5 Ma) reflect the limited evolutionary success of the Deltocymatoceras lineage.• Key words: Nautilida, taxonomy, phylogeny, ontogeny, palaeogeography, functional morphology, biostratigraphy. May 17, 2013; published online September 12, 2013; issued October 31, 2013. Jiří Frank, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, and National Museum, Department of Palaeontology, Václavské náměstí 68, 115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic; jiri_frank@nm.cz • Markus Wilmsen, Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Sektion Paläozoologie, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany; markus.wilmsen@senckenberg.de • Martin Košťák, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Facult...

Wasps of the genus Bembix (Fabricius) have enjoyed over 300 years as subjects of interest to entomologists and ethologists due to their large size and repertoire of dramatic nesting behaviors. This research history began with these wasps as the focus of brief behavioral accounts, which developed over time to yield detailed studies of the habits of individual species, as well as comparative studies of behavior. This work has revealed that Bembix is behaviorally diverse, with most aspects of their nesting habits showing variation both within and between species. Ultimately, this research history has made Bembix one of the best-known groups of solitary aculeate wasps. At the same time, much work remains to be done on Bembix. While the genus' behavioral diversity is well-recognized, it has not nearly been fully characterized, with the majority of Bembix species remaining unstudied in the field. Furthermore, no phylogeny has ever been published for the genus, and its evolutionary and biogeographic history remains essentially unknown. Thus, this review presents an overview of historical and biological information on Bembix with the aim of stimulating further work on this behaviorally diverse genus.

Abstract. The town of Lázně Bělohrad, not far from Jičín, acquired its name in 1905. Until then, it was known as just Bělohrad. The spa (Lázně) was founded in 1888, when the long-known baths were officially acknowledged to have healing effects. In 1900, the newly opened moorland spa became a frequent destination for Dr. Antonín Frič. His summer stays there became a yearly ritual, consisting always of several weeks with his wife, and later also with their grandchildren, Karl and Toníček. This tradition continued until his death in 1913. It wasn't only the healing baths that benefitted the elderly man's health, but the surrounding countryside offered interesting geological material for study. Frič soon gained the respect and deference of the local inhabitants, which enabled him to introduce a suggestion in 1903 -to found a new museum building in the rapidly growing town, constructed in accordance with all the then-recognized principles of museum design. Thanks to Frič's propagation and enlightened direction, the museum became a prime example for many subsequent cities and towns that decided to emulate Bělohrad. FRIČOVO MUZEUM V LÁZNÍCH BĚLOHRADAbstrakt. Městečko Lázně Bělohrad nedaleko Jičína dostalo své dnešní jméno až v roce 1905, do té doby bylo známo pouze jako Bělohrad. Základ zdejšího lázeňství se traduje rokem 1888, kdy byly oblíbené vanové lázně úředně uznány za léčivé. Za zdejšími slatinnými koupelemi začal do nově zřízených lázní od roku 1900 jezdit i profesor dr. Antonín Frič. Jeho letní pobyt se stal každoročním rituálem, setrval zde vždy několik týdnů s manželkou, později i s vnoučaty Karlem a Toničkou, a to pravidelně až do své smrti v roce 1913. Nebyly to jen léčivé koupele, které starého pána uzdravovaly, Bělohrad se svým okolím dokázal přírodovědci na odpočinku nabídnout velmi zajímavý studijní materiál geologického charakteru. Frič si záhy zjednal mezi zdejším obyvatelstvem respekt a úctu. Proto také mohl bez obav přijít v roce 1903 s návrhem, zbudovat v tomto, především díky lázeňství, rychle se rozvíjejícím městečku, samostatnou budovu městského muzea, navrženou a postavenou podle všech tehdy platných muzejních pravidel. Z nové muzejní budovy se velice rychle, také díky důsledné Fričově propagaci a osvětě, stal vzor pro mnohá další zemská města a městečka, která se rozhodla město Bělohrad následovat. The idea to build an exemplary regional museum, and use it as a showcase for methods of organizing and presenting its collections was a long-term ideal of Dr. Frič. His interest in such matters dated back to his youth. He published his first work in this vein, titled Guide to ordering Animal Collections, at age nineteen (before graduating!) in the Czech Museum Magazine (hereafter ČČM) 2 . His foundation and experience for this publication came from his knowledge of preparing birds and mammals, gained in childhood. He acquired further experience as a volunteer for zoological collections of the Czech Royal Museum (hereafter just Museum), where he began going in 1849. During his trips, both domestic a...