We present a case that caused a diagnostic dilemma on a bone scan. We also review the broad spectrum of nonmalignant findings that can impact the interpretation of a bone scan and the value of correlative imaging using SPECT/CT for exact localization and characterization of lesions. The imaging features of important benign pathologies-that is, metastatic mimics-are elaborated so that the reader can avoid misinterpretations when reporting them. We elucidate 4 uncommon benign findings on a bone scan. Rhabdomyolysis is a result of lysis of skeletal muscle with release of cell contents, such as myoglobin and muscle enzymes, and is diagnosed mostly through a combination of clinical appearance and laboratory values. Myositis ossificans is the most common form of heterotopic ossification, usually occurring within large muscles. Its importance stems largely from its ability to mimic more aggressive pathologic processes. Myositis ossificans is one of the skeletal "do not touch" lesions. Such bone lesions are defined by characteristic imaging features, the identification of which precludes the need for additional diagnostic tests or biopsies, thereby avoiding unnecessary interventions. Acute tubular necrosis is kidney injury caused by damage to the kidney tubule cells (kidney cells that reabsorb fluid and minerals from urine as it forms). Common causes are low blood flow to the kidneys, drugs that damage the kidneys, or a severe underlying infection.

Emergency department (in a health care facility) is a section of an institution that is staffed and equipped to provide rapid and varied emergency care, especially for those who are stricken with sudden and acute illness or who are the victims of severe trauma. This study analyzed the disease pattern of patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care insurance based hospital in Delhi. The results showed maximum patients attended were under the Medicine and Surgery discipline. A large proportion of these patients were non emergency cases that could have been managed in the Outpatient Department (OPD). As the cause of overcrowding of the hospital emergency department was attributed to the number of people presenting to the emergency department with non emergent problems it discusses the steps that can be taken to better channelize the use of emergency medical services.

CE credit: For CE credit, you can access the test for this article, as well as additional JNMT CE tests, online at https://www.snmmilearningcenter.org. Complete the test online no later than December 2025. Your online test will be scored immediately. You may make 3 attempts to pass the test and must answer 80% of the questions correctly to receive 1.0 CEH (Continuing Education Hour) credit. SNMMI members will have their CEH credit added to their VOICE transcript automatically; nonmembers will be able to print out a CE certificate upon successfully completing the test. The online test is free to SNMMI members; nonmembers must pay $15.00 by credit card when logging onto the website to take the test.A sentinel event is any unexpected event that results in death or serious physical or psychologic injury to a patient unrelated to a patient's illness. Establishing and determining cause-and-effect relationships are key to preventing future sentinel or near-miss events. However, it can be challenging to establish a cause-andeffect relationship when a process involves multiple steps or people. Root cause analysis (RCA) is a technique that can pinpoint the causes of sentinel events for medical procedures involving numerous steps and people. This article provides a rationale for RCA and the basic steps in a nonmedical RCA investigation. The article then describes a more detailed, 9-step, RCA approach for investigating sentinel events and illustrates the technique with a nuclear medicine example.

Establishing a cause-and-effect relationship for an adverse event is one of the key steps in preventing them and involves multiple people, resources, and steps, thus requiring a root cause analysis.Here, we describe a root cause analysis performed in the nuclear medicine department for an event involving Na 131 I contamination. Oral administration of Na 131 I in a capsule minimizes the risk of contamination and spills. However, the patient must be able to swallow a capsule. Na 131 I in capsule form is currently in widespread use for treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. Na 131 I in liquid form is rarely available immediately on demand and must be ordered at least 24-48 h in advance of the planned administration. The events leading to the incident, immediate remedial steps taken, and subsequent root cause analysis are described. The corrective actions taken after the root cause analysis, as well as the subsequent effectiveness of these actions, are mentioned. There may be one or multiple causes for an adverse event. It is important to identify the root cause. Corrective actions derived from the root cause can help prevent similar adverse events in the future. Therapeutic procedures in nuclear medicine involve unsealed radioactive sources, further adding a separate layer of immediate steps and reporting to the root cause analysis itself.

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