Carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) are used in increasing quantities as they have some 2 of the best properties in terms of specific strength and stiffness of any widely available material. By 2020, annual global CFRP production is expected to be over 140,000 tonnes. 4However, the resulting increased quantity of CFRP waste has highlighted the need for 5 sustainable treatment options as carbon fibre manufacture has high-energy intensity. A life 6 cycle methodology is used to evaluate primary energy demand (PED) and global warming 7 potential (GWP) leveraging best available literature data, process models, and experimental 8 work. Overall results indicate that recycling scenarios are generally the environmentally 9 preferable options over landfill and incineration. However, the relative environmental 10 benefits of advanced recycling processes (i.e., pyrolysis, fluidised bed, and chemical 11 recycling process) depend on the method used to determine displacement of virgin carbon 12 fibre by recycled carbon fibre. Totally, recycling processes can achieve a representative GWP 13 of -19 to -27 kg CO 2 eq. and PED of -395 to -520 MJ per kg CFRP, providing superior 14 environmental performance to conventional composite waste treatment technologies.

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Globally, air pollution is a significant cause of death, illness and social discomfort. The problem is particularly severe in Nigeria, the country with the highest number of premature deaths due to ambient particulate matter pollution in Sub Saharan Africa. It is especially worrying in Lagos, the country's commercial capital and one of the world's fastest growing megacities. Despite growing concerns about its deadly impacts, there is currently no reliable monetary estimate of the effects of ambient air pollution, nor a comprehensive control plan in Lagos. Using available ground-level monitored data and the most recent valuation techniques, this paper estimates that in 2018 alone, ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) caused about 11,200 premature deaths, and generated a health cost of US$2.1 billion in Lagos. This is equivalent to about 2.1 percent of Lagos' GDP in the same year. These results call for an urgent plan of action to improve air quality in the city, with primary focus on the main pollution sources: road transport, industrial emissions, and power generation.

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