The overhead transmission lines, regarded as the blood vessels in human body, play essential roles in energy transport and distribution as well as future "carbon emission reaching the peak and eventually carbon neutralization". On the demands of high-voltage delivery, the transmission lines are normally designed in extended span length and elevated height with wide cross-section, which are vulnerable to the aeolian vibration produced by Von Karman vortex. [5][6] This phenomenon will push the line into an up-and-down motion in vertical direction, causing fatigues, broken strands, even broken wires in transmission lines, seriously threatening the safety and reliability of power grid. [7][8][9] Thus, the aeolian vibration sensors are necessarily provided to monitor the state of transmission lines through the vibration amplitude and frequency. The fiberoptic and the piezoelectric-based sensors as the most common aeolian vibrations sensors have been applied for online-monitoring with unignorable limitations. [10][11][12][13][14] The major result deviations caused by the slight fluctuation of the light source as well as the high cost of fiber optic material restrict the further large-scale installation of the fiber-optic sensors. And the piezoelectric-based ones are also troubled with the serious nonlinear relational errors between the material Overhead transmission lines are vulnerable to aeolian vibrations that threaten the operation of the power grid. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based self-powered system offers a desirable way for vibration onlinemonitoring with potential for large-scale deployment. In this work, a selfpowered sensor network constructed by active vibration sensor (AVS) units with a spring-mass based TENG (S-TENG) is reported for effective energy harvesting and broadband vibration sensing. The basic TENG with structural parameters is first discussed from the aspects of efficiency and response characteristics, then the spring constant and mass weight are also adjusted for S-TENGs with different optimal operation regions, thus the overall vibration amplitude and frequency response are further enhanced by the mutual compensation of S-TENGs with a weight allocation strategy. Furthermore, the S-TENGs are combined with external circuits to compose the AVS units, which are deployed in a distributed manner on a simulated transmission line to demonstrate a self-powered wireless warning system and an aeolian vibration mapping system, enabling abnormal vibration warnings and vibration distribution monitoring over the whole line. This work represents a novel strategy for utilizing TENG technology for transmission line aeolian vibration monitoring and provides valuable guidance for further sensor network construction and power grid visualization.

No abstract