Efecto de la temperatura sobre las tasas de fotosíntesis, crecimiento y calcificación del alga coralina de vida libre Lithophyllum margaritae

The temporal variation in the abundance and species composition of penaeid shrimp postlarvae and juveniles was studied in a tidal channel of the Colorado River estuary. Biweekly sampling during flood and ebb tide was conducted from March through November 2000. Postlarvae of the blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris, were observed beginning in May, with highest densities in early June during flood tide. A much smaller peak in densities occurred in late September, with few postlarvae found in October and November. Juvenile L. stylirostris were present in highest densities during ebb tide in mid-June, with smaller peaks in mid-July and late September. Densities of postlarval and juvenile brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis, were much lower than those of L. stylirostris and without clearly defined peaks. The growth rate of juvenile L. stylirostris appeared similar to rates (30–60 mm month–1) reported for penaeid shrimp from the Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Australia. Management decisions affecting the Upper Gulf of California and Colorado River Delta Biosphere Reserve need to be cognizant of the importance of May and June as critical months in the use of the estuarine tidal channels by these commercially important species.

A cruise was conducted along the northwestern coast of Baja California, off the US-Mexico border region, to determine the physical, biological and anthropogenic factors affecting the concentration and distribution of phosphates (PO43–). The vertical distribution of temperature and PO43– showed isograms (13ºC and 0.75 µM, respectively) rising towards the shore. Although this phenomenon was observed in all the study area, it was more abrupt in the southern part than in the northern, resulting in lower phosphate concentrations in the north (0.50 µM) associated with high chlorophyll a concentrations (10.0 mg m–3). A principal components analysis indicated that the PO43– concentrations were related to upwelling (51%) and phytoplankton biomass (23%). A PO43– mass balance indicated that sewage discharge had a very local effect, contributing 3.0 ± 0.12 t d–1 (5%), while horizontal advection contributed 20.0 ± 2.2 t d–1 (32%) and upwelling supply was 41.1 ± 2.3 t d–1 (63%). If the PO43– sewage contribution trend does not change, we predict that in 2035 the anthropogenic contribution will be as high as the amount delivered to the area by the Californian Current. Conversely, if Mexico´ s sewage treatment systems improve to a level similar to that in the USA, we estimate that by 2012 the anthropogenic sources will be insignificant.