ZnS nanocrystalline thin films were grown into the polyvinyl alcohol matrix and were synthesized by chemical route. Films were prepared on glass substrate by varying the deposition parameters and pH of the solution. Nanocrystalline thin film prepared under optimum growth conditions shows band gap value 3.88 eV as observed from optical absorption data. The band gap is found to be higher (3.88 eV) indicating blue shift. The particle size, calculated from the shift of direct band gap, due to quantum confinement effect is 5.8 nm. Photoluminescence spectrum shows the blue luminescence peaks (centered at 425 nm), which can be attributed to the recombination of the defect states. ZnS nanocrystalline thin films are also found to be photosensitive in nature. However, the photosensitivity decreases due to ageing and exposure to oxygen. In case of nanostructured film, the I−V characteristics are observed in dark and under illumination showing photosensitive nature of these films, too. The dark current, however, is found to be greater when observed in vacuum compared to air. Both dark current and photocurrent are found to be ohmic in nature up to a certain applied bias. The observed data shows that nanostructured films are found to be suitable for device application. The surface morphology of the film is also characterized by scanning electron microscope.

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Excitonic effects are observed in the optical absorption and photoluminescence of strongly confined CdS quantum dots embedded in the polymer matrix. CdS nanoparticles of different crystallite sizes have been prepared by chemical route with polymer as a host material. The CdS nanocomposite film was made up of particle smaller than 5 nm and shows a composite band gap up to 3.2 eV, whereas the band gap for bulk hexagonal CdS is about 2.42 eV. Photoluminescence spectra show a strong emission band corresponding to electron–hole recombination and a weak band due to defect emission. The decrease of particle size was monitored from the U-V visible absorption measurement as well as photoluminescence, which suffered blue shift with decrease in particle size. The particle size and surface morphology were also analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been used as a matrix to synthesize ZnS/PVA nanocomposite film on glass substrate by chemical method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used for structural, morphological and compositional characterization. Optical properties have been studied by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Changing pH value from 4.8 to 0.8 decreases the particle size and correspondingly increases the band gap. The PL emission intensity also increases by decreasing the pH values.