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The energy distributions of ions ablated from silver in vacuum have been measured in situ for pulsed laser irradiation at 355 nm. We have determined the energy spectra for directions ranging from 5° to 75° with respect to the normal in the intensity range from 100 to 400 MW/cm2. At the highest intensity and for angles close to the normal, the highest ion energy measured exceeds 500 eV. However, the energy distributions are shifted strongly towards low energies with increasing angle.

Both interferon-␥ (IFN-␥) and interleukin (IL)-4 expression in T cells and IL-6 expression in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage were monitored using antigen 85B (Ag85B) protein and purified protein derivative (PPD) antigen in the early stages of tuberculosis (TB). We showed that the levels of cell-associated IFN-␥ and IL-4 (mRNA and intracellular cytokine) in Ag85B-stimulated T cells were significantly depressed in TB patients compared with those in healthy tuberculin reactors. On the other hand, the capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to produce IL-6 spontaneously ex vivo was enhanced in patients (P < 0.001), but their corresponding capacities to respond to Ag85B were not significantly different from those of normal donors. After 2 months of antituberculosis therapy, the mean blastogenic responses of Ag85B-stimulated PBMC from seven TB patients were increased 6.1-fold (P ¼ 0.011). Furthermore, the proportions of both IFN-␥-(P < 0.01) and IL-4-(P ¼ 0.05) producing T cells were significantly increased. However, those of IL-6-producing cells were diminished in response to Ag85B (P ¼ 0.05). Our results suggest that there may be an altered regulation of IFN-␥, IL-4 and IL-6 to Ag85B in the early stages of TB.

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Analysis of the biological properties and use of comparative genomic hybridization to locate chromosomal aberrations in the human testicular seminoma cell line JKT-1 and its highly metastatic cell line JKT-HM Y. JO, K. KINUGAWA, T. MATSUKI, M. MORIOKA and H. TANAKA Department of Urology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, JapanObjective To examine the biological properties, and utilthe lung and lymph nodes in all five mice by 50 days.The in vitro tumour cell invasion and animal assays ity of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to locate chromosomal aberrations, in a new human suggested potential invasion and metastasis of JKT-HM. The DNA index was 1.48 for JKT-1 and 1.50 testicular seminoma cell line, JKT-1, and a highly metastatic cell line, JKT-HM, developed as an animal for JKT-HM. CGH analysis revealed various chromosomal aberrations undetected by examining their karymodel of spontaneous metastasis. Materials and methods JKT-HM was isolated by transotypes, e.g. loss of 18p, Yq and gain of Xq, and the technique has potential to detect genetic aberrations planting cells of JKT-1 into the dorsal skin of nude mice, using methods developed previously. The biologirelated to metastasis in this model. Conclusions The two cell lines JKT-1 and JKT-HM, and cal properties of JKT-1 and JKT-HM cells were examined using assays of cell proliferation and in vitro the metastatic animal model used, were useful in studying human testicular seminoma and the metatumour cell invasion, and the DNA index (by flow cytometry). CGH was used to analyse chromosomal static behaviour of cancer. In addition, CGH was useful for analysing the chromosomes of two diCerent cell aberrations and to detect chromosomal regions causing metastasis in the testicular seminoma cell lines.lines derived from the same parent line. Keywords Testicular seminoma, cell lines, comparative Results The JKT-1 and JKT-HM cells showed no diCerence in morphology or cell proliferation. After transgenomic hybridization, karyotype, metastatic model, mouse planting JKT-HM into mice, the cells metastasized to established a germ-cell tumour cell line through the