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A wideband radio location system for 3D applications with high precision is introduced. For different test scenarios, the system is evaluated with respect to precision, resolution, and reproducibility. Based on ultra wideband direct sequence spread spectrum transmission at 24GHz, the radio location system shows high robustness against interference as well as suppression of the effects of reflections. Distance measurements are processed in a two-stage Kalman filter allowing object tracking with millimeter accuracy even in highly reflective scenarios.

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THIS PAPER WILL report on theoretical and experimental investigations to explain the noise behavior of frequency multipliers using nonlinear solid-state elements, particularly step-recovery diodes. It was found that there is a dependence of the strong variations of the output amplitude noise, as well as the output phase noise, on the parameters of the passive filter circuit connected to the diode; Figure 1. It can be proved that the essential noise sources are much more attributable to the driving generator than to the diode circuit itself. On this account the major differences in the output noise power Nn, depending on the tuning of the circuit, are not based on additional noise sources inside the solid state element. They are generated by the nonlinear processing of the generator noise N1 and as such depend on the quiescent point and the load impedance function of the diode. Therefore, output noise minimization in frequency multipliers becomes possible by optimized circuit design.The dependence of the output noise Nn of the frequency multiplier on its input noise N1 can be described by the following complex conversion matrix: the elements of which depend on the quiescent point of the diode and the parameters of the outer circuit. In this matrix the four different elements describe the different possible conversions from input AM-and PitI-noise to output AM and PM-noise. As schematically shown in Figure 2, these elements represent: CAA -+ complex AM-AM conversion,cAp + complex AM-PM conversion,LpA + complex PM-AM conversion, a n d L p p + complex PM-PM conversion.Whilecpp is equal to the frequency multiplication factor n, c PA may usually be neglected within the system's bandwidth. Our investigations showed that the magnitude c AA of the AM-AM-conversion coefficient is within the range where Vo is the quiescent voltage of the diode and V1 is the openloop voltage of the generator transferred to the connecting point of the diode. The given boundaries of c AA are independent of the frequency multiplication factor. In contrast to c AA, the AM-PM-conversion coefficient c AP never equals zero if Vo/V1 > 0: Speichenraraktoren," Doctor Thesis, Technical University of Brose, J., "Rauschen von Frequenzvervielfachern mit Munich; 1978.The generation of PM-output noise from AM-input noise obviously can be demonstrated, particularly with a multiple sweep oscillograph of the diode-current, as in Figure 3.rms value of the noise sidebands we simulated narrowband noise with the help of sinusoidal modulation of the generator signal. Comparing the output AM and PM to either the input AM and PM, respectively, directly results in the magnitudes as well as the phases of the conversion coefficients.We calculated the four elements of the conversion matrix including their magnitudes and phase angles using an extended numerical Fourier analysis method similar to the measuring principle.AM-and PNI-noise, the output-noise-phaseTeviation becomes Because of the high level ratios of the carrier magnitude to the Under consideration of the covar...

Übersicht:In KTV-Anlagen können sich die U K W-Übertragungskanäle durch Intermodulation gegenseitig stören. Für die Belegung des UKW-Bandes in solchen Netzen wird eine rechenzeitgünstige Strategie angegeben Ausgehend von einer zurälligen Belegung einer sehr großen Zahl von Übertragungskanälen werden die nach der CCIR-Schutzabstandskurve am stärksten durch Intermodulation gestörten Kanäle regressiv eliminiert, bis die benötigte Kanalzahl erreicht ist. Anhand von drei Beispielen werden die Belegungs-und die Auswahlstrategie erläutert, die durch Auswahl erreichten Verbesserungen des Signal-Störverhältnisses gezeigt und Hinweise für eine günstige Wahl der Belegungsparameter gegeben.Abstract: Intermodulation in CTV network devices may induce crosschannel noise. For utilization of the FM-commumcation band in those networks a fast strategy is presented. At first a great number of communication channels is occupied Then, step-by-step, the channels with the lowest signal-tonoise ratio refered to the CCIR-radio-frequency-protection ratio are eliminated until the desired number of FM channels is left. With the help of three different examples the strategy of occupancy and selection is described, the increase of the signal-to-noise ratio by channel selection is demonstrated and advice is given for an advantageous choice of the utilization parameters.Für die Dokumentation KTV-Netz / Intermodulation / Signal-Storverhältms / UKW-Kanalbelegung