No abstract

Interference is one of the significant issues in television white space (TVWS) that limits the scalability of secondary user networks, lowers the quality of service, and causes harmful destruction to primary users. Interference among secondary users is one of the severe problems in TVWS because there is no legal rule that governs the coexistence of secondary nodes in the available white space channels. Many studies have been conducted to recognize the presence of primary signals in order to identify spectrum gaps and avoid interference between primary and secondary users, but the majority of them failed to detect interference among secondary users. Furthermore, the few works that mitigate interference among secondary users, rather than detecting it, assume interference. Therefore, in this paper, we develop an interference detection algorithm using an energy detector. To enhance the energy detector's functionality, we consider dynamic thresholds rather than static ones. We also modify the binary hypothesis to account for interference between two non-cooperative users coexisting in TVWS. We simulate the energy detector technique in MATLAB R2020a environment and utilised various signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) values. With an SNR of −8 dB, the proposed algorithm attains a maximum performance of 95.35% as the probability of detection and meets the standard set by IEEE 802.22 which requires the probability of detection to surpass or equal to 90%.

The Electronics Laboratory is a learning facility that students and faculty can utilize for research and learning activities. The motivation for this project is to make available a backup power system to be used in moments of a power outage, especially during laboratory sessions. Solar energy is chosen because the aggregate solar energy incident on the earth's surface exceeds by far amount the required estimated energy needs of the world's population. The site location, Ogun State, Nigeria, has an average of about six hours of sunshine per day. In addition, solar energy represents a clean source of energy. In this work, a 5 kVA solar photovoltaic system has been installed. It can supply energy of 18060 Wh/day. It was implemented as a backup power supply to the Electronics Laboratory. It can run for 01:30 hours at full load when not being charged. The initial cost of carrying out a solar project is quite high. However, the support cost dwindles significantly throughout an extensive period compared to when available power is solely reliant on utility.View less Metadata Contents I. Introduction Solar energy is electricity generated by the sun's rays. The total amount of solar energy on the planet far outnumbers the world's current and forecast energy needs. The quantity of sunlight that reaches the earth in an hour and a half is enough to fuel the world's energy consumption for a year [1]. The sun is indeed the earth's major source of endless free energy.