Abstract. Relationships between approaches to leaming, as measured by the Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ), prior knowledge of subject area, and performance on a multiple-choice test following a 15 X 2 hour unit in basic psychology were investigated. Subjects were 105 first year tertiary students, of mean age 19.9 years, and predominantly female (82.9%). Approaches to learning were unrelated to assessment performance, and prior knowledge did not relate to a deep approach although it did predict performance. The findings were interpreted in terms of additional elements in the teachinglearning process, and the role of the SPQ was seen as a stimulus to thinking about that process.

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The importance of measuring attitudes of trainee professionals to people with disabilities was addressed. A questionnaire which included the Scale of Attitudes toward Disabled Persons (SADP) and the Intellectual Disability Misconceptions Scale (IDMS) was completed by first and final year tertiary students enrolled in a 3-year course on intellectual disability. The attitude measures did not discriminate between the two groups of students, psychometric properties were poor and the factor structure of the SADP did not replicate previous findings. As expected, there was some convergence between the two attitude measures, and relationships to subject variables were consistent with previous research. Recommendations for subsequent research were discussed.

The division of labor in mixed-gender households is discussed on the basis of stereotypical expectations, as well as time-use diary data. The stereotypes as generated by 210 adults, of average age 25 years, were consistent with reality, as depicted by the diary data from an independent study. In both data sets, the image of the double shift emerged. Women were seen as doing most of the unpaid work, and tasks were gender-segregated. Expectations of women, reinforced by values and power differences, appear unchanged by women's increasing participation in paid labor. Social policies which address women's experience of paid labor therefore need to address the division of unpaid labor. Equalising unpaid labor means mobilising men to become involved in essential, but unrewarded, tasks.

The eating, drinking, and smoking habits of 766 women aged 20 to 30 yr. were studied. The behaviors were seen as currently prevalent representatives of the set of indulgent behaviors and so were of interest as a group. The total pool of volunteer subjects yielded two quasirepresentative samples of 265 subjects each which matched each other and census data across a range of demographic variables and were used to crosscheck all results. A subsample of 64 subjects provided retest data at an interval of 3 mo. between testings. Measures for the study included indicators of status in the drinking and smoking domains, and measures of level in each domain. All measures had generally acceptable psychometric properties. Within the study samples, and using the measures as developed, the behaviors were empirically independent apart from a moderate link from status in the smoking domain to drinking behavior. The predominant finding of empirical independence was explored in terms of the different frequency bases of the three behaviors, the different subjective priorities associated with them, and the possibility of opposing combinatorial and substitutory pressures.