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Eighty patients in an alcoholic rehabilitation program were tested for field dependence with the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) and for logical reasoning with two Piagetian tasks: the pendulum and the plant problem. Thirty-one patients completed all 10 weeks of outpatient aftercare. Of those who dropped out, 67% were field dependent (EFT score greater than the sample median of 135 s), and 76% were either preoperational or concrete operational, as defined by their scores on the two logic tests. The number of aftercare sessions attended correlated -.50, .49, and .59 with scores on the EFT, pendulum, and plant problem, respectively (all ps < .001). The best predictor, the plant problem, accounted for 36% of the variance in the dropout rate. The results suggest that cognitive factors play a more important role in alcoholics' response to treatment than has been recognized.

Kindergarten through 12th graders were presented with stories in which at least two possible motives or external events may have led an individual to perform an act. The results indicate that only the adolescent subjects recognized that an individual's action may be determined by more than a single causal factor.

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