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This study documents differences in the psychosocial functioning of women three months postpartum with subclinical depression, major depression prior to the birth of the baby, major depression both pre- and post-birth, and no depression. An understanding of these differences may have implications for intervention insofar as maternal depression places at risk not only the mother's functioning but her infant's development, as well.

Scholarly nursing practice needs to be empirically examined worldwide. Additional studies should focus on scholarly nursing practice with nurses in varying stages of career development, in various types of practice settings, and in different cultures.

Confirmation of this universal holistic model of scholarship can contribute significantly to a larger nursing identity. Use of universal holistic model of nursing scholarship indicates responsibility of the nursing profession collectively and all nurses individually. Additional work is needed to understand how a universal holistic model of nursing scholarship evolves across cultures, domains, and work settings.

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