Interest in 0t-sulfonated higher molecular weight (up to C20) fatty esters has increased in recent years in the surfactant industry due to the advent of economical sulfonation processes and methyl esters of fatty acids. In this paper, the authors present a review of the chemistry of the sulfonation of fatty esters and the two-step mechanism leading to a-sulfonation. Laboratory and pilot plant scale preparation of long chain fatty acid ot-sulfoesters with vaporized SO3 without the use of solvents are also summarized. Work on the falling film equipment with hydrogenated methyl tallowate with vaporized SO 3 is described along with procedures for neutralization and bleaching. Analytical methods for defining the a-sulfonates are discussed. A larger scale unit to continuously manufacture 0t-sulfo fatty esters from long chain fatty acid is described. A review of the commercially available continuous processes for sulfonation of the fatty acid esters with vaporized sulfur-trioxide have also been included. The properties of the salts of ~s u l f o fatty esters including the hydrolytic stability, aqueous solubility, lime soap dispersing ability, and biological properties have been tabulated. Uses of these surfactant range a-sulfo esters are included in this discussion.

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A phase I study of single i.v. doses of a new sugar containing nitrosourea 6-deoxy-3,5 di-O-methyl 6-(3 methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-alpha-D-glucofuranoside (CGP 6809, EDMN) has been carried out in 47 patients with advanced solid tumors. Nine dose levels between 200 and 4500 mg/m2 were examined. Nausea and vomiting were seen in most patients but were controlled with antiemetics. Myelosuppression was minimal. The dose-limiting toxicity was hepatotoxicity, occurring early (peak at days 2-4) and resolving rapidly. No cumulative toxicity was seen with an every 6 weeks schedule. Other toxicities were abdominal pain, diarrhea, arm pain, restlessness, and headache. Pharmacokinetic studies in 20 patients using an HPLC assay and in 5 patients using [14C]EDMN showed a short half-life, rapid plasma clearance, rapid metabolism, and minimal excretion of unchanged drug. There was one partial response in a patient with colon carcinoma. The recommended dose for phase II studies in 3750 mg/m2 every 6 weeks.

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