High copper (Cu) levels in uprooted old vineyard soils may cause toxicity in transplanted young vines, although such toxicity may be reduced by inoculating plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of AMF on the plant growth, chlorophyll contents, mycorrhizal colonization, and Cu and phosphorus (P) absorption in young vines cultivated in a vineyard soil contaminated by Cu. Commercial vineyard soil with high Cu levels was placed in plastic tubes and transplanted with young vines, which were inoculated with six AMF species (Dentiscutata heterogama, Gigaspora gigantea, Acaulospora morrowiae, A. colombiana, Rhizophagus clarus, R. irregularis) and a control treatment on randomized blocks with 12 replicates. After 130 days, the mycorrhizal colonization, root and shoot dry matter (DM), height increment, P and Cu absorption, and chlorophyll contents were evaluated. The height increment, shoot DM and chlorophyll contents were not promoted by AMF, although the root DM was increased by R. clarus and R. irregularis, which had the greatest mycorrhizal colonization and P uptake. AMF increased Cu absorption but decreased its transport to shoots. Thus, AMF species, particularly R. clarus and R. irregularis, contribute to the establishment of young vines exposed to high Cu levels.
Information regarding nitrogenous fertilization in broccoli for Santa Catarina is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed at analyzing the nitrogen effect upon the levels of chlorophyll (a, b and total), carotenoids and nitrogen (N) forms in leaves, and upon the yield of inflorescence, stem and leaves of singlehead broccoli. The experiment was conducted in September, 2011, in Florianópolis (SC), with seedlings of single-head broccoli (BRO 68 -Syngenta), in completely randomized blocks, with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha -1 of N, in the form of urea) and three replications. In the blooming, the fourth leaf from the ground was harvested from each broccoli for the following analyses in triplicate: chlorophyll levels (a, b and total), carotenoids and N forms (NH 4 + , NO 3 -and mineral N). At the end of the cycle, the yield of inflorescence, body (leaves + stem) and total were estimate. The levels of N lead to increased levels of chlorophyll a, b and total, as well as the N forms in leaves and the yield of inflorescence, leaves, and stem of single-head broccoli. The increased N doses promoted increment of carotenoid levels on leaves until 170 kg ha -1 of N, having a decrease for superior doses. The N forms in the plant had been incremented with increasing of N doses supply, reflecting in increased yield of broccoli. The N application in the soil stimulated the synthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids on leaves, promoting better nutritional quality.Additional keywords: Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck; carotenoids; chlorophyll; nitrogenous fertilization; yield. ResumoAs informações sobre adubação nitrogenada em brócolis para Santa Catarina (SC) ainda são escassas. Por isso, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do nitrogênio (N) sobre os teores de clorofila (a, b e total), carotenoides e formas de N nas folhas, e sobre a produtividade de inflorescência, talo e folhas de brócolis cabeça única. O experimento foi implantado em setembro de 2011 em Florianópolis (SC), com mudas de brócolis cabeça única (BRO 68 -Syngenta), em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (0, 75, 150, 200 e 250 kg ha -1 de N, na forma de ureia) e três repetições.No pleno florescimento das plantas, foi coletada a quarta folha a partir do solo para as seguintes avaliações, em triplicata: teores de clorofila (a, b e total), carotenoides e formas de N (NO 3 -, NH 4 + e N mineral). No final do ciclo, foi estimada a produtividade de inflorescência, corpo (folhas + talo) e total. As doses de N incrementaram os teores de clorofila a, b e total, as formas de N na folha e a produtividade de inflorescência, talo e folhas de brócolis cabeça única. O aumento das doses de N proporcionou o incremento do teor de carotenoides na folha até 170 kg ha -1 de N, decrescendo nas doses superiores. O aumento das doses de N incrementou as formas desse nutriente na planta, refletindo em aumento da produtividade de brócolis. A aplicação de nitrogênio no solo estimulou a síntese de clorofilas e carotenoides nas folha...
ABSTRACT. The asymbiotic technique of orchid seeds germination is an important method of mass production of seedlings. Studies on the best culture conditions for each species are important to obtain seedlings in less time and at lower costs. Current analysis evaluates different consistencies of culture medium, saline formulations and culture conditions on the germination rate and further development of protocorms of Epidendrum fulgens. After 45 days in culture the protocorms were classified into three categories of development. The liquid saline formulation of Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) provided the highest germination rate (83.5%), and the Knudson formulation (1946) the lowest (10.9%). The different consistencies or conditions or culture conditions did not affect the germination rate percentage, except the Knudson medium, which resulted in the highest rate in response to the gelled consistency. Protocorms cultured in liquid MS medium with or without agitation showed the fastest development.Keywords: germination, asymbiotic techique, seeds, culture medium.Desenvolvimento de protocormos de Epidendrum fulgens (Orchidaceae) em reposta a diferentes formulações salinas e condições de cultivo RESUMO. A técnica da germinação assimbiótica de sementes de orquídeas é um importante método de produção massal de mudas. Estudos que buscam condições de cultivo ideais para cada espécie são altamente desejados para obterem-se mudas em menor tempo e com menor custo. Este estudo objetivou testar diferentes consistências de meio de cultura, formulações salinas e condições de cultivo na porcentagem de germinação e velocidade de desenvolvimento de protocormos de Epidendrum fulgens. Após 45 dias de cultivo, os protocormos foram classificados em três categorias de desenvolvimento. A formulação salina de Murashige e Skoog (1962) (MS) líquida, sem agitação orbital, proporcionou maior taxa de germinação (83,5%), e a formulação de Knudson (1946) o menor percentual (10,9%). As diferentes consistências ou condições de cultivo não influenciaram na porcentagem de germinação, exceto para o meio Knudson, onde na consistência geleificada o percentual foi maior. Os protocormos cultivados em meio MS líquido, com ou sem agitação, apresentaram maior velocidade de desenvolvimento.Palavras-chave: germinação, assimbiótica, sementes, meio de cultura.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.