Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a multisystemic disorder that results from the clonal proliferation of immunophenotypically and functionally immature Langerhans cells (LC). The detection of the V600E mutation in the BRAF oncogene in LCH biopsy specimens supports previous evidence that LCH is a neoplastic disorder. This mutation is present in other cutaneous lesions including malignant melanoma and benign nevi. Single case reports of a correlation between LCH and the appearance of eruptive nevi limited to the inguinal folds after chemotherapy have previously been described in the literature. This suggested that LCH could be an additional cause of eruptive melanocytic nevi, with a specific distribution mimicking that of LCH cutaneous lesions. We present the case of a 6-year-old boy, previously treated with chemotherapy for Langerhans cell histiocytosis, with disseminated junctional nevi. Although this co-occurrence may be coincidental, the skin involvement is distinct from other previously reported clinical cases. It would be interesting to evaluate whether the BRAF mutation described in LCH cells might in fact support a genetic background for the development of nevi in these patients. LEARNING POINTS Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a clonal neoplastic proliferation of immature Langerhans cells, with the V600E mutation in the BRAF oncogene present in approximately 60% of cases. The V600E mutation in the BRAF oncogene is also documented in other cutaneous lesions, namely malignant melanoma and benign nevi. There are case reports of a correlation between LCH and the appearance of eruptive nevi after chemotherapy, but it is not known whether the BRAF mutation described in LCH cells supports a genetic background for the development of nevi in these patients.
Introdução: O melanoma, ainda que represente apenas 5% das neoplasias cutâneas, é o tumor desse órgão com maior taxa de mortalidade. O constante desenvolvimento de novos fármacos, nomeadamente aqueles que têm como alvo terapêutico a proteína B-Raf, aumentou significativamente a sobrevida global dos doentes. Até à data, vários estudos avaliaram as correlações clínico-patológicas com esta mutação; no entanto, não há publicado nenhum estudo referente à população portuguesa. Material e Métodos: No presente trabalho, os autores investigaram a existência de correlações clínico-patológicas com a presença ou ausência de mutação BRAF, numa população de doentes com melanoma cutâneo metastizado, com vista à identificação de fatores de prognóstico relacionados com esta via de sinalização celular no melanoma. Resultados: Foram avaliados os processos de 197 doentes com melanoma metastizado e mutação BRAF testada, observados no Serviço de Dermatologia do IPOLFG entre janeiro de 2012 e dezembro de 2016. A mutação BRAF foi documentada em 46,7% (n=92) dos doentes, 60% dos quais (n=56) eram do sexo masculino. Cinquenta e dois por cento (n=48) dos tumores primários estavam localizados no tronco, o que sugere a associação da mutação com a exposição solar intermitente. Em 40% dos doentes (n=79) a metastização ocorreu em múltiplos locais anatómicos. A percentagem de doentes com metastização num único local anatómico foi de 60% (n=118), sendo os locais mais frequentemente envolvidos as cadeias ganglionares locorregionais (36%, n=43) e o pulmão (26,6%, n=25). Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados não revelaram diferenças na população portuguesa estudada, estando de acordo com aqueles documentados para outras populações e descritos na literatura.
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have markedly improved prognosis of advanced melanoma patients. With expanded use of these drugs, a range of cutaneous adverse events has emerged. Although the vast majority of adverse events are low-grade, they many cause significant morbidity and can affect patients' quality of life. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention may prevent unnecessary discontinuation of life-saving anticancer therapies. In this article, we review the cutaneous adverse events of small molecules and monoclonal antibodies used for the therapy of melanoma and discuss their pathophysiology and recommendations for prevention and management of these adverse events.
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