Internal migration presents many challenges for governmental coordination due to the extensive and immediate action required to address this problem. However, it also poses opportunities regarding education, employment and living conditions, if the government creates pull factors to distribute migration away from primary to secondary cities. This process will require a rights-based approach, whereby the rights of internal migrants are mainstreamed in government planning to enable sustainable migration to Bangladesh’s secondary cities. In this paper, the current international human rights and internal migration laws will be analysed, alongside the domestic laws and policies relevant to internal migration in Bangladesh. In doing so, this paper will explore how government policy and action can employ a rights-based approach to incorporate internal migration within the government’s overarching development framework. A rights-based approach is necessary to effectively prepare for, and adapt to, the increase in internal migration in an equitable way.

Pacific Small Island Developing States are uniquely vulnerable to climate disasters due to their geography and capacity to address disaster, displacement and development challenges. Climate disasters often trigger internal displacement. Long-term recovery responses are ad hoc and unsustainable, often resulting in protracted displacement that undermines development progress. As displacement poses cross-sectoral challenges, a development policy approach encourages integrated, durable solutions for internally displaced persons and host communities. This article advocates for mainstreaming displacement into development policy rather than treating it as a distinct policy issue. The article outlines the role of international law in guiding national displacement practices and analyse the policy experiences of Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. Vanuatu has experienced widespread disaster displacement events, and the Solomon Islands have seen communities permanently relocate due to climate change. The article examines governance and institutional barriers inhibiting effective policy design and implementation. It concludes that mainstreaming displacement into development policies will promote integrated, inclusive and sustainable solutions for protracted displacement. 1 | INTRODUCTION Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) are disproportionately vulnerable to climate disasters. Their small size makes disaster events all-encompassing, and PSIDS have limited capacity to address many of the governance, logistical and human development challenges associated with a disaster event. To date, over 50 000 Pacific Islanders are in danger of disaster displacement each year. 1 Traditionally, coordinated displacement responses focus on temporary or planned relocations as a subset of disaster management, risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Less attention is given to the recovery phase for extended displacement experiences, especially protracted displacement. Ad hoc and unsustainable responses are employed, with displacement and development being treated as distinct policy issues. This distinct treatment can overlook ongoing protection for internally displaced persons (IDPs) during displacement recovery. This article argues that internal displacement and national development priorities should be treated as integrated policy issues. Mainstreaming internal displacement into development policies will promote coordinated and holistic recovery responses, as well as increase the resilience of vulnerable and host communities. Underdevelopment exacerbates vulnerability before, during and after displacement for IDPs. 2 A development approach minimizes risk factors and demographic shock that can undermine IDPs' self-reliance and a state's development progress. Development projects and interventions can support inclusive, strategic and sustainable solutions to reduce protracted displacement. Section 2 showcases the benefits of mainstreaming internal displacement into development policy to aid durable solutions for IDPs in