Intussusception is an invagination of a proximal segment of the bowel into an immediately adjacent, distal portion of the bowel. Ileocolic intussusception is one of the most common causes of bowel obstruction in children. The peak incidence occurs in infants between five and seven months of age. The etiology of intussusception in children is typically idiopathic, approximately 5-10% of patients have a pathological lead point. Postoperative intussusception is one of the rare causes of intussusception. Children with ileocolic intussusception often present abdominal pain, palpable mass, rectal bleeding, fussiness, and emesis. The most effective imaging method for the diagnosis of intussusception is ultrasound. The treatment of ileocolic and ileoileal intussusceptions is different, the first type requires invasive treatment.

Urolithiasis affects people in all age groups, but over the last decades there has been an increasing incidence in children. Typical symptoms include abdominal or flank pain with haematuria; in acute cases dysuria, fever or vomiting also occur. Ultrasound is considered the modality of choice in paediatric urolithiasis because it can be used to identify most clinically relevant stones. Complementary imaging modalities such as conventional radiographs or non-contrast computed tomography should be limited to specific clinical situations. Management of kidney stones includes dietary, pharmacological and urological interventions, depending on stone size, location or type, and the child’s condition. With a very high incidence of underlying metabolic abnormalities and significant recurrence rates in paediatric urolithiasis, thorough metabolic evaluation and follow-up examination studies are of utmost importance.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in childhood is a rare disorder, occurring most often in the neonatal period, with mortality approaching 10%. This condition has multifactorial etiology including common childhood illnesses such as fever, infection, dehydration, and anemia, as well as acute and chronic medical conditions such as congenital heart disease, nephrotic syndrome,  and malignancy. Thrombosis can also develop and propagate in response to local venous stasis. A large number of children have coincident local head or neck pathology, including head trauma, brain tumors, or recent intracranial surgery. Clinical symptoms are frequently nonspecific and include seizures, depressed level of consciousness, coma, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, headache, visual impairment, papilledema, and hemiparesis, which may often obscure the diagnosis and delay treatment. In the case of patients with neurological symptoms, imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT)  and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are invaluable in diagnostics of various pathologies of the nervous system, because of their non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, and specificity. Early diagnosis with management along with a plan for secondary prevention can save from catastrophic consequences.