This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the approved in our Hospital thromboprophylaxis algorithm. Thrombotic events, with higher than usual occurrence, are commonly reported in COVID-19 patients. Until now limited data exist to guide the intensity of antithrombotic prophylaxis. We declare that the risk of arterial and venous thromboembolic events in COVID-19, according to our protocol, can be reduced by more carful optimalization of low molecular heparin administration with a good safety profile.

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a cardiac channelopathy associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Diagnosis of BrS is based on type 1 BrS electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern (coved pattern) presence, observed spontaneously or after provocation test. The worldwide prevalence of BrS ECG patterns is estimated to reach 0.4% and strongly depends on the population studied. BrS results from various genetic mutations of sodium, calcium and potassium channels and/or associated proteins affecting ion currents. SCN5A mutations are the most prevalent in BrS. Pathogenesis of BrS is explained by the depolarization theory, the repolarization theory and the neural crest theory, which seem to be complimentary, at least partially. This review summarizes current diagnostic criteria of BrS and epidemiology of BrS ECG patterns. We also discuss the recent understanding of BrS pathophysiology and the role of genetic testing in BrS. JRCD 2017; 3 (3): 73-80

Clinical manifestation of Brugada syndrome (BrS) mainly results from polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias and includes sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). The Brugada sign, besides being present in true BrS, may result from different causes. Moreover, electrocardiogram findings in some clinical situations may resemble the BrS electrocardiographic pattern. Thus, differential diagnosis is crucial in the proper management of patients suspected of having BrS. Lifestyle modifications and close follow-up with or without pharmacologic treatment and/or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement constitute the most common approach to managing BrS patients. However, the role of ablation in BrS treatment is increasing. Due to diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties, the management of BrS is often challenging. This review provides new concepts and algorithms in the diagnostics and treatment of patients suspected of having BrS. JRCD 2017; 3 (5): 151-160

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A young patient with dual chamber pacemaker has transthoracic echocardiogram performed, in which potentially dangerous abnormalities were found -excessive loops of intracardiac leads and an additional mass connected to the atrial lead. An important fact is that the patient was referred for the examination for different reasons than assessment of the pacemaker. The assessment of intracardiac leads in transthoracic echocardiogram is difficult, however, neglection of some abnormalities may have fatal effects. So far no recommendations have been made for the management of asymptomatic patients with additional masses found on the intracardiac lead.Key words: transthoracic echocardiography, lead-dependent endocarditis, pacemaker Cardiologica 2017; 12, 5: 519-522 Case report FoliaWe present a case of 37-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital with a suspicion of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in order to perform polysomnography examination. The patient at the age of 23 had a dual-chamber pacemaker (DDD) implanted due to sick sinus syndrome, and at the age of 32 undergone an elective replacement of pulse generator because of battery depletion. At admission patient claimed that he had good exercise tolerance, denied syncope and pre-syncopal symptoms, chest pain, dyspnoea, palpitations or infections. A screening transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was performed because of OSA suspicion. An atypical position of atrial lead was detected -an excessive loop of atrial lead was placed low in the right atrium, entering the right ventricle during relaxation and moving back to right atrium pushed by tricuspid valve leaflets ( Figure 1A). Surprisingly, the anomaly did not provoke significant tricuspid valve regurgitation or stenosis. Moreover, a loop of ventricular lead was detected, with a thickening on its surface ( Figure 1B). In modified projection one additional, strand-like mass connected to the atrial lead was noticed (Figure 2). The unexpected findings in TTE had to be explained. Description of previous TTE did not mention any abnormality of intracardiac leads. A chest X-ray picture showed two separate loops of leads -atrial