1As a consequence of their physical and/or psychological effects, on-going diseases 2 have the potential to elicit chronic stress in dogs. Chronic stress may contribute to 3 disease progression and negatively affect welfare. By investigating whether on-4 going illnesses cause chronic stress in dogs and exploring the relationship between 5 hair cortisol and potential disease-dependent and disease-independent stressors, 6 this research aimed to determine if stress management should be integrated into 7 veterinary care. Hair samples were collected from 33 dogs to assess cortisol levels 8 (Ill n = 16; 12 non-black and 4 black; healthy n = 17; 12 non-black and 5 black) 9 using a commercially available biochemical assay. In addition, a questionnaire was 10 distributed to the owners of these dogs to gather information on pet care, chronic 11 stress behaviours and disease characteristics. The hair cortisol levels of black and 12 non-black dogs did not differ significantly (U = 89, df = 31, p = 0.442). Data were 13 therefore pooled for further analysis. Significant differences were not found in the 14 hair cortisol levels of chronically ill

BackgroundThe trust has been committed to the Transforming End of Life Care (EOLC) programme for over a year and is required to collect data for the matrix developed by the programme and for Merseyside and Cheshire clinical network. The matrix is a valuable way to measure the implementation of tools/enablers at the end of life, both nationally and locally.Gathering evidence through audit has demonstrated the need for quality tools/enablers or End of Life Care facilitation at Trust level and supports the sustainability of such tools/facilitation by identifying gaps in knowledge and skills and training requirements of the health care professionals caring for patients.AimThe overall aim of the audit supports a process of continuous improvement in the care of persons at the end of life, including their families against the Quality Standards for End of Life Care NICE (2012) and Good Practice Guide towards EOLC (GMC) 2010 in the acute setting.This is achieved through the following measures:The use of recognised EOLC tools and enablers as part of the National End of Life Care Transform Programme guidance for acute trusts.Assessing the quality of documentation as a patient deteriorates and dies.MethodA hand search of the case notes was undertaken for all patients who had died within the trust during May 2013. Evidence was sought for a written medical plan with escalation decisions, diagnosis of dying, documented conversations with the patient or the family about deterioration and/or dying and use of EOLC tools.ResultsThere is very limited evidence within the case notes that imminent death was recognised and documented. However the majority of patients who died did have a Do Not Attempt Resuscitiation (DNAR) status documented. Low rates of referral to Specialist palliative care teams were noted, and anticipatory medication was prescribed in a limited number of cases.ConclusionThe use of tools or enablers support and guide recognition and documentation of the dying phase.

Background Warrington and Halton NHS Foundation Trust is a part of Transforming End of Life Care in Acute Hospitals. The Transform programme advocates the use of tools and enablers to standardise good evidence based care for patients that are nearing end of life. The AMBER care bundle is one of the 5 key enablers, used to support communication with patients and family and promote good planning when recovery is uncertain. Aim To Embed the tool through facilitation on selected wards throughout the trust and measure and record the impact on patient care, to continue to improve end of life care, in the acute setting.