2018) 'Psychometric properties of three measures of "Facebook engagement and/or addiction" among a sample of English speaking Pakistani university students'Authors' contribution: 24 JT -Study concept and design, analysis and interpretation of data, statistical analysis, 25 research of background literature, and drafting/writing of the manuscript. 26 CAL -Study concept and design, analysis and interpretation of data, statistical analysis, 27 research of background literature, and drafting/writing of the manuscript.28 SM -Data collection, and drafting/writing of the manuscript. 29 JAM -Analysis and interpretation of data, statistical analysis, and drafting/writing of the 30 manuscript. 31 MJB -Analysis and interpretation of data, statistical analysis, and drafting/writing of 32 manuscript. 33 All authors had full access to all data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of 34 the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Abstract 43 For researchers interested in measuring the construct of "Facebook engagement and/or 44 addiction" there are a number of existing measures including the Bergen Facebook Addiction 45 Scale, the Facebook Intensity Scale, and the Addictive Tendencies Scale. Currently, there is 46 limited data on the psychometric properties of these three scales, especially among South Asian 47 samples. The present aim was to address this shortfall. A sample of 308 English speaking 48 Pakistani university students completed the scales, in their original English versions, on two 49 occasions separated by four weeks. Results demonstrated that for each of the scales, across 50 both administrations, satisfactory psychometric properties were found, including internal 51reliability, temporal stability, and construct validity. Moreover, for these three scales, using 52 confirmatory factor analysis, a one-factor structure was generally found to be a good 53 description of the data for both male and females samples. These data provide further evidence 54 for the reliability and validity of three scales concerned with "Facebook engagement and/or 55 addiction". 56 57

To date, quality indicators that have been developed for nursing tend to focus on acute, secondary care settings. It remains unclear whether such quality indicators are applicable to community settings, particularly in rural environments. This research aims to identify the consensus view among specialist nurses regarding their unique nursing contribution within their rural community. Identifying agreed aspects of the unique role within the rural community area will enable quality care metrics to be developed, allowing specialist nurses to measure their unique contribution to rural health care in the future. The research used the Delphi technique to identify a consensus view among a population of specialist community nurses working in a designated rural area in Wales. The strongest area of consensus related to clinical and teaching expertise, where participants perceive educational expertise as being at the forefront of their role. In terms of care for individuals, consensus was focused on four main areas: developing appropriate criteria for referral in to the service, collaborative working, education, and advocacy roles. The findings highlight similarities to models of care provision elsewhere. Specific quality indicators are required for clinical nurse specialists working in rural areas. Current quality indicators may not be applicable across all clinical settings. Further work is required to explore the nature of rural nursing practice.

There is growing interest in examining the use of mobile technology among children. The present study extended this literature among a sample of 9-11-year olds in Wales, UK in three ways. First, to examine the level of mobile phone ownership; second, to consider how mobile phones are used, investigate timescales and expectations when communicating via a mobile phone; and third to explore the emotional impact of not having a text or phone call responded to. A sample of 57 children completed a self-report questionnaire focusing on the expectations and levels of understanding when making and receiving mobile phone calls and text messages. Results suggest that ownership and usage of a mobile phone is high amongst young children; however a lack of developmental and emotional maturity, highlighted by the expectation of immediate responses and the egocentric reasons given, may cause unnecessary distress among a proportion of children. Directions for future work are proposed.

There are various models and approaches to counseling and psychotherapy. Important characteristics of therapists include psychological type. This study aimed to investigate the psychological type profile of person-centered counselors. The psychological type of 85 counselors (63 women, 22 men) was measured with the Francis Psychological Type Scales (FPTS). Results indicate that the FPTS can reliably measure psychological type among counselors, and the most common psychological type was introvert, intuitive, feeling, and judging (INFJ). The relation of these psychological types with a person-centered approach is further discussed.