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From sexist comments and harassment through to contact offences, schools are locations where young people experience sexual abuse from peers. This paper reports findings of a multi-site study into levers for preventing peer-sexual abuse in educational settings in England. Data gathered through practice observations, case and policy reviews and focus groups with professionals and students were analysed through the lens of both a whole school approach and Contextual Safeguarding with a particular focus on gender to identify four levers of peer-sexual abuse prevention. This paper reports how these four levers interact to create social conditions which prevent, or reduce the risk of, peer-sexual abuse in schools. Opportunities for schools, regulators and child protective services to use these levers, and the methodologies employed to identify them, are also outlined, as well as implications for policy.

International evidence suggests that schools are locations where systems, practices, and cultures can enable harmful sexual behaviours. However, in England, welfare assessments primarily used by statutory social services largely target young people and their families, with limited capacity to assess environments beyond the home.

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What is this summary about? This is a plain language summary of a medical journal article called ‘Cancer statistics, 2022’. The data in this summary provides detailed information about lung cancer and less detailed information about other cancers. The researchers from the original study used data gathered from previous years to produce a cancer forecast, predicting the number of new cancer diagnoses and deaths in the United States in 2022. What were the results? The review of the data up to 2019 found that compared to previous years: Advanced lung cancer diagnoses had decreased Local stage lung cancer diagnoses had increased Deaths had slowed for lung cancer Deaths continued to reduce for breast cancer, but the rate of this reduction had slowed down Female breast cancer diagnoses were slowly increasing each year Prostate cancer diagnoses stayed similar Local stage prostate cancer diagnoses stayed similar Advanced prostate cancer diagnoses had increased each year The researchers estimated that over 1.9 million new cancer cases would be diagnosed and over half a million cancer deaths would occur in the United States in 2022. This figure includes approximately 350 deaths per day from lung cancer, which was found to be the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. What do the results of the study mean? The study found that progress in reducing the number of people being diagnosed with breast and prostate cancer has stalled. Although there were fewer lung cancers diagnosed, this reduction was likely caused by changes in screening and advancements in lung cancer treatments. The American Cancer Society recommended that investing more funds in detecting cancers early as well as developing targeted treatments would help to reduce cancer death rates. This would also help to address the differences in access to cancer care that exist based on racial, social and economic inequalities.