Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o tamanho adequado de parcelas experimentais, para avaliação de descritores fenotípicos em bananeira, a partir de um ensaio de uniformidade com a cultivar Tropical, no espaçamento de 3x2 m, em área útil com nove fi leiras de 40 plantas. Foram avaliados: altura da planta; perímetro do pseudocaule; número de fi lhos emitidos e número de folhas vivas, no fl orescimento e na colheita; peso do cacho e das pencas; número de pencas e de frutos; peso da segunda penca; e peso, comprimento e diâmetro do fruto, em dois ciclos de produção. As plantas, consideradas unidades básicas, foram combinadas para formar diferentes tamanhos de parcelas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância em modelo hierárquico. O tamanho da parcela foi estimado pelos métodos da máxima curvatura, máxima curvatura modifi cado e comparação de variâncias. Determinaram-se o índice de heterogeneidade do solo e a diferença detectável entre médias de tratamentos. A variabilidade aumentou entre os ciclos, com refl exos nos tamanhos de parcela, que variaram com o método utilizado, a variável avaliada e o ciclo de produção. O método da máxima curvatura modifi cado apresenta estimativas mais ajustadas. Parcelas com seis unidades básicas (36 m²) são apropriadas para avaliar, com precisão, os descritores fenotípicos em bananeira.Termos para indexação: Musa spp., estatística agrícola, morfologia, produção. Estimates of plot size for the evaluation of phenotipics descriptors in bananaAbstract -The aim of this work was to estimate the adequate size of experimental plots, for the evaluation of phenotypic descriptors in banana, from a trial of uniformity with the cultivar Tropical, in the spacing of 3x2 m, in a useful area with nine rows of 40 plants. The following variables were evaluated: plant height; pseudostem perimeter; number of emitted suckers and number live leaves, during fl owering and at harvest; weight of the bunch and the hands; number of hands and fruits; weight of the second hand; weight, length and diameter of the fruit, in two cycles of production. The plants, considered the basic units, were combined to form various sizes of plots. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance in the hierarchical model. Plot size was estimated by the methods of maximum curvature, modifi ed maximum curvature and comparison of variances. Heterogeneity index of the soil and the detectable difference among treatments mean were determined. The variability increased between cycles with refl exes in the estimates of the plot sizes, which varied with the method used, the variable evaluated and the production cycle. The modifi ed maximum curvature method presents more adjusted estimates. Plots with six basic units (36 m²) are appropriate to evaluate with precision the phenotypic descriptors in the bananas.
Forage cactus pear is considered a xerophilic plant, so it is adapted to harsh semiarid conditions and is a forage resource of significant importance for animal production in regions that are subject to food shortage and long dry periods. We aimed to evaluate the morphometric and physiologic characteristics and water-use efficiency of ‘Gigante’ forage cactus pear under different settings of irrigation depth and irrigation intervals with saline water. The treatments included seven conditions of water application: rainfed, 5 liters of water per linear meter every 15 days; 7% reference evapotranspiration (ETo) with a 15-day irrigation interval; 15% ETo with a 7-day irrigation interval; 33% ETo with a 3-day irrigation interval; 50% ETo with a 2-day irrigation interval; and 100% ETo with daily irrigation. Likewise, the use of saline water (3.6 dS m-1) as irrigation water on forage cactus pear did not stress the crop even in the presence of salts. The treatment with saline water and 33% ETo with a 3-day irrigation interval increased the plant height, number of cladodes, cladode area index, green mass and dry matter yields of forage cactus pear.
This work aimed to subsidize experimental planning for the evaluation of phenotypic characters in banana. The experiment consisted of a uniformity trial with Tropical cultivar spaced of 3 m x 2 m, in a useful area with nine rows of 40 plants. Vegetative and yield aspects were evaluated in two production cycles. Plants and basic units (UB) were combined to form various plot sizes, from which the variation coefficient and the soil heterogeneity index were estimated. To define the experimental design, the Hatheway method was used. Variability, resulting from the soil anisotropy and other factors such as desuckering cultural practice increases between mother plant and daughter plant cycles, with effects on experimental design. The variation coefficient and number of replicates are the factors that most influenced the experimental design. For the same precision level required, the combination that maximizes efficient in the use of experimental area can be adopted, that is, smaller plot size and higher number of replicates or larger plot size and fewer replicates. Estimates of plot size and number of replicates are subsides for the design of experiments for the evaluation of phenotypic descriptors in banana.
This work aimed to evaluate extraction/ export of nutrients and dry matter production in the 'Gigante' cactus pear, grown in different spacings and fertilizations 620 days after planting. Twelve combination of treatments were used consisting of: three spacings - 1.00 x 0.50; 2.00 x 0.25; and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m, and four fertilizations - 000-000-000; 000-150-000; 200-150-000; and 200-150-100, kg ha-1, of N, P2O5 and K2O, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme in a randomized block design, with three replicates. Extraction/export of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na and Cu were determined and the means were 304.35; 18.81; 421.04; 62.35; 464.63; 215.77; 0.39; 0.81; 23.74; 1.11; 0.62 and 0.08 kg ha-1, besides the mean dry matter production of 17.11 Mg ha-1. There were significant interactions for extraction/export of Mg and dry matter production. The fertilizations used were insufficient to meet the demand of N, K, Ca, Mg, S and micronutrients. Fertilization increased the extraction of nutrients, particularly N, P and S at the spacing of 1.00 x 0.50 m, and increased dry matter production. The decreasing order of extraction/export was Ca, K, N, Mg, S and P for macronutrients and Mn, Zn, Fe, Na, B and Cu for micronutrients.
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