RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial e algumas variáveis fisiológicas de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) submetido a diferentes regimes hídricos em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, em Dourados-MS. Os tratamentos corresponderam aos regimes hídricos de 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% da capacidade de retenção de água no solo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco regimes hídricos e cinco repetições. As avaliações de altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule e número de folhas foram realizadas em seis épocas, enquanto as variáveis condutância estomática e taxa fotossintética foram determinadas em duas épocas. No término do experimento avaliaram-se área foliar, massa seca de folhas, pecíolos, caules e raízes de todas as plantas de pinhão-manso. Os regimes hídricos de 60 e 80% da capacidade de retenção de água no solo proporcionam as melhores respostas para as variáveis fisiológicas e de crescimento na fase inicial do pinhão-manso. Teores de água disponível em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, abaixo de 60% e superiores a 80% da capacidade de retenção de água no solo, induzem sinais de estresse hídrico em plantas jovens de pinhão-manso. Palavras-chave: Jatropha curcas; capacidade de retenção de água no solo; taxa fotossintética. ABSTRACTThe objective of this work was to evaluate different water regimes on initial growth and some physiological variables of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in dystrophic Haplustox. The experiment was carried under greenhouse conditions of the Embrapa Western Agriculture, located in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Treatments corresponded to water regimes of 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% of the soil water retention capacity. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized with five treatments and five replicates. The evaluations of plants height, stem diameter and number of leaves were performed in six dates, while the variables stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate were determined in two dates. At the end of experiment were evaluated the leaf area, dry mass of the leaves, petioles, stems and roots of all
The knowledge of the arrangements of dispersion of insect pests in soybean cultivars is needed to improve the monitoring and control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of adults and nymphs of Euschistus heros in Bt and non-Bt soybean into two regions, under field conditions. The experimental area located in Dourados and Douradina, Mato Grosso do Sul. For the evaluations we used the method of cloth-to-beat, where we collected one sample per plot randomly from each experimental area. Evaluations were performed at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98 days after emergence (DAE). For data analysis, the rates of dispersion (variance/average Morisita index and exponent k Negative Binomial Distribution) and theoretical frequency distributions (Poisson, Binomial and Negative Binomial Positive) were estimated at 1-5 % probability. Adults of E. heros are arranged differently for Bt and non-Bt soybean and between regions, since in both cultivars and locations, individuals of the populations evaluated in probabilistic set arrangements negative binomial distribution (aggregate), Poisson (random) and positive binomial distribution (uniform), as the days after soybean emergence. The nymphs of E. heros showed aggregated spatial arrangement, being distributed similarly for Bt and non-Bt soybean and regions, setting a negative binomial distribution model.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a produção de matéria seca de espécies forrageiras consorciadas com pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas). O experimento foi realizado no Município de Dourados, MS, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 7x2, com parcelas subdivididas no tempo. As espécies avaliadas foram: Stylosanthes spp.; Urochloa ruziziensis; U. ruziziensis + Stylosanthes spp.; U. humidicola; Megathyrsus maximus 'Massai'; Cajanus cajan; e Crotalaria spectabilis. O desempenho das espécies foi avaliado nos sistemas de cultivo solteiro e consorciado com pinhão-manso. O pinhão-manso foi plantado em novembro de 2006, no espaçamento 3x2 m, e as forrageiras foram semeadas nas entrelinhas, em março de 2009. A avaliação foi realizada em sete épocas, de abril de 2009 a junho de 2010. As espécies apresentaram boa capacidade produtiva, para uso como forrageiras ou em cobertura do solo, em consórcio com pinhão-manso. O capim-massai (M. maximus) apresenta maior capacidade produtiva e tolerância ao sombreamento do que as demais espécies, quando consorciado com pinhão-manso.Termos para indexação: Jatropha curcas, capim-massai, plantas de cobertura, tolerância ao sombreamento. Growth and production of forage species intercropped with physic nutAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate growth and dry matter production of forages species intercropped with physic nut (Jatropha curcas). The experiment was carried out in Dourados, MS, Brazil, in a randomized complete blocks design, in a factorial arrangement 7x2, split-plotted in time. The evaluated species were: Stylosanthes spp.; Urochloa ruziziensis; U. ruziziensis + Stylosanthes spp.; U. humidicola; Megathyrsus maximus 'Massai'; Cajanus cajan; and Crotalaria spectabilis. Species performance was evaluated in single and in physic nut-intercropped systems. Physic nut was planted in November/2006, in a 3x2-m spacing, and forages were sown in between rows in March/2009. The evaluations were done in seven periods, from April/2009 to June/2010. The forage species show good productive ability both as forage and soil coverage, when intercropped with physic nut. 'Massai' grass (M. maximus) has a better productive capacity and is more tolerant to shading than the other species, when intercropped with physic nut.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of chlorophyll and agronomic performance of Bt and non-Bt soybeans. For the evaluation we used the chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502), which was collected randomly in the upper third (TS), middle third (TM) and lower thirds (TI). Evaluations were performed at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, and 70 days after emergence (DAE). Used the randomized experimental design in a split plot design (2 x 3 x 10) with four replicates for analysis of chlorophyll content and factorial 2 x 2 (two cultivars and two regions) with four replications for the factors of production. For the region of Dourados, the highest chlorophyll levels were presented to 42 DAE for soybeans Bt and non-Bt, the TS and TI, for TM at 42 DAE for soybeans Bt and non-Bt to 35 DAE. In Douradina the highest levels of chlorophyll were for soybean at 28 DAE Bt and non Bt at 49 DAE in the lower third. For TM and TS cultivars Bt and non-Bt had higher chlorophyll content at 35 DAE. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the Bt technology did not influence the chlorophyll content of soybean, the two cultivars showed similar levels, with higher concentrations in the middle third of the plants in the two regions studied. For agronomic attributes, plant height, first pod height, number of pods per plant and yield, Bt soybeans had higher values compared to non-Bt soybeans in two environmental studies.
ResumoEste trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação superficial de doses de calcário sobre características químicas do solo e sobre a produtividade da cultura da soja sob sistema semeadura direta. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento de campo num esquema fatorial 2x4, com dois tipos de calcários (calcítico e dolomítico) e quatro doses (0,0 -0,5 -1,0 e 1,5 t ha -1 de CaCO 3 ), em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A área experimental localizou-se no município de Matupá -MT e o estudo foi desenvolvido no período de novembro de 2006 a maio de 2007. Foram avaliados atributos químicos nas camadas de 0,0-2,5 cm, 2,5-5,0 cm e 5,0-10,0 cm, além de características associadas à produtividade da cultura da soja. A aplicação de calcário elevou os valores de pH (CaCl 2 ), os teores de Ca e Mg, a CTC efetiva e a saturação por bases apenas na camada superficial de solo. Os dois tipos de calcário diferiram entre si apenas nos teores de Ca e Mg na camada superficial, e somente para Mg na camada de 2,5-5,0 cm. A calagem superficial em área de semeadura direta não influenciou a produtividade da cultura de soja. Palavras-chave: Glycine max, mobilidade do calcário, latossolo AbstractThis study was carried out to evaluate the effects of surface application of lime rates on soil chemical attributes and soybean yield in a no-tillage system. It was installed a field experiment in a factorial 2x4, and the factors were: two types of lime (calcitic and dolomitic); four rates (0.0 -0.5 -1.0 and 1.5 t ha -1 of CaCO 3 ), in a completely randomized blocks experimental design, with four replications.
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