Turfgrass is a fundamental part in sports fields’ composition. Some aspects should be taken into account in the choosing species process, such as turfgrass use (trampling tolerance), turfgrass management, physical-chemical soil conditions and shade tolerance. With accomplishment of sporting events in Brazil, there was requirement for football arenas reform and modernization. Among architecture alterations, coverings implantation was noticed, resulting luminosity reduction affecting turfgrass development. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of luminosity and substrates on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) development. The experiment was conducted in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme (substrates x luminosities), in completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 3 replicates. The substrates were: S1 = Soil, S2 = Soil + sand (2:1), S3 = Soil + organic matter (1:1), S4 = Soil + organic matter + sand (2:1:1) and S5 = organic matter + sand (3:1), in four luminosity conditions: full sun, 30%, 50% and 80% of shading for six months. We evaluated substrates fertility composition, solar radiation, grass height and fresh and dry mass. Shading interfered on Bermuda grass development, which tolerates intermediate shading (30% and 50%). Substrates containing the highest levels of organic matter submitted to shading had impaired turfgrass performance.
A luminosidade e o tipo de substrato utilizado na implantação de gramados são alguns dos fatores que devem ser considerados na escolha da espécie de grama. Com a realização de eventos esportivos internacionais nos últimos anos no país, houve a necessidade de alterações arquitetônicas nas arenas, com a implantação de coberturas, aumentando o sombreamento do gramado e, deste modo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da luminosidade e de diferentes substratos no desenvolvimento inicial de grama bermuda (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis). O experimento foi conduzido no Campus II - UNESP, de Ilha Solteira ? SP, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 (substratos x luminosidades), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 20 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Os substratos foram: S1 = Solo, S2 = Solo + areia (2:1), S3 = Solo + matéria orgânica (1:1), S4 = Solo + matéria orgânica + areia (2:1:1) e S5 = Matéria orgânica + areia (3:1), em 4 condições de luminosidade (pleno sol, 30%, 50%, 80% de sombreamento), durante os meses de março de 2014 a agosto de 2014. Foram avaliados: Comprimento médio da parte aérea do gramado e massa fresca e massa seca das folhas. Foi possível concluir que níveis mais intensos de sombreamento estimularam o crescimento em comprimento da parte aérea da grama, porém houve uma redução no acúmulo de massa fresca e seca.
Bermuda grass (Cynodon spp.) is the best suited for ornamental and sportive lawns, widely used in fields of soccer, polo, golf, tennis, baseball and lining among ornamental components of a garden. Regardless of use, a very important characteristic for a good quality lawn is the intensity of green coloration that it presents. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of luminosity and different substrates on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) chlorophyll a and b contents. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme (substrates x luminosities), in completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 3 replicates. The substrates were: S1 = Soil, S2 = Soil + sand (2:1), S3 = Soil + organic matter (1:1), S4 = Soil + organic matter + sand (2:1:1) and S5 = organic matter + sand (3:1), in four luminosity conditions: full sun, 30%, 50% and 80% of shading for six months. We evaluated chlorophyll a and b. After 30 DAP the levels of chlorophyll content decreased in relation to shading increased the opposite was found at 180 days after grass planting, higher levels of chlorophyll content were observed as shading increased. The substrate formulations used have not interfered at leaves chlorophyll a and b content Keywords: Chlorophyll a and b; Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensi; shading levels. Conteúdo de clorofila foliar influenciado pela luminosidade e substrato em grama Bermuda ResumoA grama Bermuda (Cynodon spp.) é uma das espécies de forração mais utilizadas em campos de futebol, polo, tenis, beisebol, além de fazer parte de components ornamentais em jardins. Além de qualquer uso, uma característica muito importante de qualquer gramado é a colocação verde que possui. Objetivou-se com o experimento avaliar a influência da luminosidade e de diferentes substratos no teor de clorofila das folhas e avaliação visual do sistema radicular de grama bermuda (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 (substratos x luminosidades), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 20 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Os substratos foram: S1 = Solo, S2 = Solo + areia (2:1), S3 = Solo + matéria orgânica (1:1), S4 = Solo + matéria orgânica + areia (2:1:1) e S5 = Matéria orgânica + areia (3:1), em quatro condições de luminosidade: pleno sol, 30%, 50% e 80% de sombreamento, durante seis meses. Foram avaliados: clorofila a e b. Após 30 dias os níveis de conteúdo de clorofila diminuíram conforme aumentou o sombreamento e o oposto foi encontrado aos 180 dias do plantio da grama, em que maiores teores de clorofila ocorreu com aumento do sombreamento. Palavras-chave: Clorofila a e b ; Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis; níveis de sombreamento.
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