Objectives: to assess factors associated with vulnerability and fragility in the elderly. Methods: crosssectional study with 384 elderly people in Fortaleza, Ceará. The Vulnerable Elders Survey and Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index - 20 were used. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for associations. In the analysis of the combined influence of risk factors, the stepwise logistic regression and multinomial regression methods were adopted. Results: 251 (65.4%) non-vulnerable and 133 (34.6%) vulnerable elders. From the vulnerable elders analyzed, 42 (30.9%) are at high risk for frailty. Factors associated with vulnerability: age, gender, presence of comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis and use of polypharmacy. There is a 30% increase in the chance of vulnerability for each additional drug. Physical activity reduces the chance of vulnerability by 60%. Factors associated with frailty: educational level; self-perception of health; comorbidities; polypharmacy. Conclusions: it is important to pay attention to the presence of arterial hypertension, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, and encourage the practice of physical activity.
The increasing numbers of people at very old ages pose specific policy challenges for health and social care and highlight the need to rethink established models of service provision. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the concept of “avoidable displacement from home” (ADH). The study argues that ADH builds on and adds value to existing concepts, offering a holistic, person-centered framework for integrated health and social care provision for older people. It also demonstrates that this framework can be applied across different levels, ranging from macro policymaking to organizational and individual decision-making. The paper pays attention to the Brazilian context but argues that ADH is a universally applicable concept.
This paper presents a novel policy framework to support government responses to COVID-19 in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in low and middle-income countries. It focuses on issues that are of specific relevance to Brazilian policy-settings, including examples of its local implementation. The CIAT Framework combines and summarizes broad elements for an emergency strategy to address the potential effects of COVID-19. The 4 steps of the Framework entail policies to coordinate, identify, assess, and target support. Those policies can be applied immediately to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTCFs. It is, however, essential to situate these responses within a more comprehensive and permanent strategy. Intersectoral collaboration must evolve into a fully institutionalized system.
Background Brazil is seeing rapid population ageing, which is leading to new demands on primary health care services. There is a need to develop and assess the effectiveness of new interventions to build the capacity of staff, including community health workers, to meet the needs of groups such as care-dependent older people and their care-givers. This study examines the feasibility of a small training intervention piloted in the Brazilian city of Fortaleza. Methods The study evaluated participants’ own assessments of key knowledge and skills related to the needs of care-dependent older people, both before and after the training intervention. It also assessed their capacity to implement a simple screening tool of geriatric risk factors. Results The participant self-assessments indicate significant improvements in their perceived knowledge and capacity in responding to the health needs of care-dependent older people. Additionally, participants were able to successfully conduct the home visits and screening for risk factors. Conclusions The study demonstrates the feasibility of developing interventions to enhance the capacity of community health workers to meet the needs of dependent older people in countries like Brazil. The evidence of effectiveness, though limited and subjective, provides justification for a larger, formally evaluated intervention. The experience of Fortaleza provides valuable lessons for other cities and countries in the region which are facing similar challenges.
em novembro de 2015, traz à tona o grande desafio da disponibilidade de médicos no Brasil para o atendimento das necessidades de saúde da nossa população.Segundo os dados da pesquisa, em outubro de 2015, o Brasil possuía 399.692 médicos para atender uma população de 204.411.281 habitantes. Apesar do aumento do número de médicos ao longo dos anos, a população não foi beneficiada de forma homogênea: a distribuição no território brasileiro é desigual, principalmente quando consideramos as diferentes regiões do país. Se compararmos a disponibilidade de médicos para a população urbana e rural, 60% estão à disposição de 30% da população que vive nas maiores cidades brasileiras. A pesquisa considerou também 53 especialidades e identificou 228.862 médi-cos com o título de especialista, perfazendo 59% do total dos médicos brasileiros. As seis especialidades com o maior número de registros de títulos -Clínica Médica, Pediatria, Cirurgia Geral, Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Anestesiologia e Cardiologiarepresentam 49% do total de especialistas.A Geriatria ocupa o 43º lugar, com apenas 0,4% do total de médicos especialistas. Atualmente, são 1.405 geriatras atuando no Brasil. A média de idade do médico geriatra é de 45,2 anos, com tempo médio de formação de 21,2 anos, sendo 47,8% homens e 52,2% mulheres.Se levarmos em conta a totalidade da população brasileira, existe apenas 0,7 geriatras para cada 100 mil pessoas; se utilizarmos esse mesmo indicador apenas para a população idosa, estimada em 26,1 milhões de pessoas (IBGE, 2015), são 5,4 geriatras para cada 100 mil pessoas, o que significa um médico geriatra para cada 18.505 pessoas idosas.A disponibilidade de geriatras para o número de pessoas idosas no Brasil está insignificante se comparada a grande maioria das pessoas idosas atendidas pelo médico não geriatra. Se considerarmos o total de médicos brasileiros, excluindo geriatras, pediatras e cirurgiões pediátricos, contabiliza-se 362.362 médicos, ou seja, 1.363 médicos para cada 100 mil pessoas idosas.A concentração geográfica de médicos especialistas é semelhante à concentração dos médicos em geral no país, com ou sem título. Na geriatria esse dado também se confirma, pois 58,6% dos geriatras estão na região Sudeste e 18,1% na Sul. Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Norte contam com 13,3, 8 e 2,1%, respectivamente.Considerando as projeções de crescimento da população e o número reduzido de geriatras no Brasil, o aumento no número de especialistas não acompanhará a demanda populacional. É provável que os dados relativos ao médico geriatra também sejam aplicáveis aos especialistas em Gerontologia. Precisamos engendrar esforços para aperfeiçoar a formação dos médicos e dos demais profissionais da saúde, disponibilizando maior acesso ao conhecimento em saúde da pessoa idosa.
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